Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300) (2 vols)

Curta, Florin

doi:10.1163/9789004395190

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Christianity brought to the region from Byzantine and Frankish influence had a profound impact throughout the region, beginning first with Moravia and Bohemia, then Poland, and Hungary. The spread of Latin and Orthodox Christendom reportedly relied on the migration of clerics from the South (Berend et al, 2013;Curta, 2019), but it remains unclear how religious processes spread throughout the region over time. However, the influence of Christian missionaries, priests from Western Europe is also very likely (Kalhous, 2020;Macháček, 2010;Ungerman, 2020).…”

Section: Cultural Context For Early-high Medieval Central Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The political climate of Central Europe in the Early and High Medieval periods is one of constantly shifting alliances, hostile interactions and incursions, and attempts at colonization and annexation. Bohemia and Hungary remained more unified over time, while Poland underwent a long period of fragmentation (Curta, 2019). The economy was primarily focused on intensive agriculture and craft specialization, but trade focused on the import of luxury items such as jewelry, silk, precious metals, and furs (Curta, 2019;G orecki, 1992).…”

Section: Cultural Context For Early-high Medieval Central Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cultural influence of Hungary in Central Europe probably stems back to before the Medieval period, but written documents are limited. Written sources regarding the Hungarians go back only as far as the middle of the ninth century (Berend et al, 2013;Curta, 2019), where Muslim sources mention the self-ascribed term of "Magyar" (Krist o, 1996). Although the origin of the Magyars is debated and not well known, the most common approach to understanding their population history is through linguistics.…”

Section: Hungarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bohemia and Hungary remained more unified over time, while Poland underwent a long period of fragmentation (Curta, 2019). The economy was primarily focused on intensive agriculture and craft specialization, but trade focused on the import of luxury items such as jewelry, silk, precious metals, and furs (Curta, 2019; Górecki, 1992). The need for intensified labor no doubt corresponded to a need for a larger population, providing opportunities for migrants from the surrounding areas.…”

Section: Cultural Context For Early‐high Medieval Central Europementioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of cultural networks on migration among Early and High Medieval populations in Central Europe based on dental phenotypic data

Ragsdale

Velemínský

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Throughout the region of Central Europe, population movements have transcended political boundaries throughout history. The Early (6th to 11th centuries AD) and High (11th to 14th centuries AD) Medieval periods were times of constantly shifting cultural relationships, as well as climatic fluctuations. Limited archeological and historic records for the region often focus on the broader cultural processes of the time, and to a large degree, on elites. Very little work has focused on population movement, particularly across cultural boundaries. Here we examine the potential effects of cultural processes on the movement and subsequent genetic exchange among the people throughout the region. We compare biological, cultural, geographic, and temporal relationships using biological distance analysis and model matrix comparison. To examine population structures, we combine dental morphological and metric data derived from human skeletal remains representing Early and High Medieval groups. Our results support the important influence of cultural processes on migration and population structures among Early and High Medieval groups. Distances based on the cultural complexity model we employ here is significantly correlated with biological distances (p = 0.028), while temporal period (p = 0.099), geographic proximity (p = 0.104), and shared origin (p = 0.193) models are not significant. Although our model is limited in the complex breadth of cultural processes during the Early and High Medieval period, we assert that these processes played an important role in population movement. Finally, we support an inter‐regional approach to examining population interactions among Central European and neighboring areas.

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Section: Cultural Context For Early-high Medieval Central Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultural Context For Early-high Medieval Central Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hungarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultural Context For Early‐high Medieval Central Europementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The effects of cultural networks on migration among Early and High Medieval populations in Central Europe based on dental phenotypic data

Ragsdale

Velemínský

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…Archeological assemblages from Giecz and the surrounding region have yielded animal bones, ceramics, whetstones, leather, and metal objects including axes, chainmail, swords, and sickles (Kubiak et al, 1991; Polcyn & Wierzbicki, 1991; Sankiewicz, 2019). Giecz was likely a “production settlement,” where produced food not only sustained the local population but was also provided as tribute to ruling powers in the feudal system (Agnew et al, 2015; Curta, 2019; Gorecki, 1983). Inhabitants of medieval settlements also collected natural resources from the surrounding areas, potentially developing specialized skills associated with hunting game or fishing (Curta, 2019; Gorecki, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in workload in medieval Poland: Patterns of asymmetry and biomechanical adaptation in the upper limb at Giecz

Brzezinski,

Hubbe,

Hunter

et al. 2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesThis study characterizes sexual dimorphism in skeletal markers of upper limb mechanical loading due to lateralization as evidence of division of labor in medieval Giecz, Poland.MethodsTwenty‐six dimensions for paired humeri, clavicles, and radii representing adult males (n = 89) and females (n = 53) were collected from a skeletal sample from the cemetery site Gz4. Percent directional asymmetry (DA) and absolute asymmetry (AA) for each dimension were compared among bones, osteometric subcategories, and sex. Additionally, side bias and sex differences were assessed in degenerative joint disease (DJD) and entheseal changes (ECs).ResultsNearly all measurements revealed significant asymmetry favoring the right side. Asymmetry was most pronounced in midshaft dimensions with few sex differences. There were more correlations among dimensions within elements than between elements, mainly in the midshaft. No laterality in DJD frequencies was noted for either sex, but females demonstrated significantly lower odds of having DJD than males in most joints. Most ECs demonstrated a right‐bias and association with DA with no sex‐specific patterns except the biceps brachii insertion, where females were ~5 times more likely to be scored “right” than males.DiscussionThe general lack of sex differences in asymmetry and ECs suggests similarly demanding workloads for females and males, with the exception of sex‐specific functional loading differences in the forearm. Further, DJD data suggest males engaged in more intensive activities involving the upper limb. These results enhance understanding of workload in this important historical period and provide a comparison for asymmetry in past populations.

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“Bulgaria on three seas!”: An example of regression as a defense mechanism experienced by a large‐group in a response to its national inferiority complex

Nikolova

2023

Appl Psychoanal Studies

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Abstract“Bulgaria on three seas” is a commonly used phrase in Bulgaria. It is used on national celebration days, around government election days, in populist campaigns, on TV shows, on social media, at folkloric concerts and gatherings and in simple everyday conversations. The phrase signifies a specific golden century of Bulgarian history characterized by the fact that Bulgaria reaches the Black, White and Adriatic seas. Today, the phrase is regularly used by Bulgarians when they talk about their country. This glorious time is also used as part of the political and public rhetoric where ideology has nationalistic character. It is present during political public debates about the country's reactions to both its past and its future. The phrase “Bulgaria on three seas” lifts the national spirit during moments of struggle. And all that raises questions about why Bulgarians constantly refer to this part of their history and what this regressive behavior demonstrates. This article aims to provide a psychological explanation, combining the concepts of regression (going back to the past), denial of the present and national inferiority complex (perceived helplessness and weakness) in order to analyze how a nation could respond to its own feelings of national group inferiority. It explains how regression is a response to one's own feelings of inferiority and it contributes to the studies of large‐group psychology established by Vamik Volkan by offering an alternative explanation. The work demonstrates that regression is the Bulgarian way of dealing with its own inferiority complexes when in denial about what is happening in the present. This takes place when group identity (or an aspect of it) is questioned. The article also provides a pathway to further exploration of how other nations deal with similar experiences.

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Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300) (2 vols)

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

The effects of cultural networks on migration among Early and High Medieval populations in Central Europe based on dental phenotypic data

The effects of cultural networks on migration among Early and High Medieval populations in Central Europe based on dental phenotypic data

Sex differences in workload in medieval Poland: Patterns of asymmetry and biomechanical adaptation in the upper limb at Giecz

“Bulgaria on three seas!”: An example of regression as a defense mechanism experienced by a large‐group in a response to its national inferiority complex

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