East Central South African Genotype as the Causative Agent in Reemergence of Chikungunya Outbreak in India

Dash, Pramod K.; Parida, Manmohan; Santhosh, S.R.; Verma, Shailendra Kumar; Tripathi, Nagesh K.; Ambuj, S.; Saxena, Parag; Gupta, Nimesh; Chaudhary, Manjari; Babu, Jegdish; Lakshmi, V; Neeraja, M.; Subhalaxmi, M.V.S.; Rao, P. Venkata; Sekhar, K.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2006.0648

Cited by 74 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…India is endemic for many arboviral infections which emerged in different parts of the world as a result of increased human and mosquito population, urbanization, global changes in human activities and ecology [21]. The actual incidence of the disease may possibly be higher; and may be underreported due to lack of accurate reporting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However by early 2006, almost all parts of South India viz. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa, Maharashtra along with Andaman Nicobar Island were gripped with CHIKV infection [20,21,32,33]. Subsequently, Central Western Indian states (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan) were affected [6,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa, Maharashtra along with Andaman Nicobar Island were gripped with CHIKV infection [20,21,32,33]. Subsequently, Central Western Indian states (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan) were affected [6,21]. By the end of 2006, sporadic cases of CHIKV infection along with massive dengue outbreak in Delhi were reported [22,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Northward movement of East Central South African genotype of Chikungunya virus causing an epidemic between 2006-2010 in India

Singh

Mittal

Rizvi

et al. 2012

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Re-emergence of chikungunya virus in South India after a gap of 32 years in 2006 affected over a million people in the Indian subcontinent. We kept a close vigil over the emerging trend of this virus between 2006-2010 with a view to establish the identity of the circulating genotype(s) and to determine the route of virus transmission in different parts of India. Methodology: Nucleotide sequencing of the E1 gene region from 36 strains of chikungunya virus from three states in northern India was performed for this present study. Forty-four previously reported E1 sequences, retrieved from the global genome data base were used for making a phylogenetic tree.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Northward movement of East Central South African genotype of Chikungunya virus causing an epidemic between 2006-2010 in India

Singh

Mittal

Rizvi

et al. 2012

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Sequence analysis of the E1 gene of CHIKV isolates has indicated the presence of three distinct CHIKV clades including Asian, West African, and East/Central/South African genotypes (ECSA). [17][18][19][20][21] In West Africa, CHIKV is transmitted mainly among several Aedes spp. mosquitoes and non-human primates, but occasionally it infects other wild animals and spills over to cause small sporadic outbreaks in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pathogenesis of Epidemic and Enzootic Chikungunya Viruses in a Pregnant Rhesus Macaque Model

Chen¹,

Clark²,

Pesavento³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Since 2004, an East African genotype of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has emerged, causing significant epidemics of an arthralgic syndrome. In addition, this virus has been associated for the first time with neonatal transmission and neurological complications. In the current study, pregnant Rhesus macaques were inoculated with an enzootic or epidemic strain of CHIKV to compare pathogenesis and transplacental transmission potential. Viremias were similar for both strains and peaked at 2-3 days post-inoculation (dpi). Viral RNA was detected at necropsy at 21 dpi in maternal lymphoid, joint-associated, and spinal cord tissues. The absence of detectable viral RNA and the lack of germinal center development in fetuses indicated that transplacental transmission did not occur. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in all dams and fetuses. Our study establishes a non-human primate model for evaluating vaccines and antiviral therapies and indicates that Rhesus macaques could serve as a competent enzootic reservoir.

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“…2,5 Therefore, it was believed that the IOL of CHIKV would reach the Americas, 6 where the two vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya Virus Infection: First Detection of Imported and Autochthonous Cases in Panama

Díaz¹,

Carrera²,

Cerezo³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that was only endemic in Africa and south Asia until 2005 and, when the virus spread into the Indian Ocean islands, Europe, and Asia. Autochthonous CHIKV transmission in the Caribbean islands was reported in December of 2013. In Panama, two febrile cases were detected in May of 2014: one traveling from Haiti, and the other traveling from the Dominican Republic. After other imported cases were detected, the first autochthonous case was reported in August of the same year. We detected CHIKV viral RNA and isolated the virus from serum samples. The phylogenetic analysis of the two imported isolates and one autochthonous CHIKV isolate indicated that the viruses belong to the Asian lineage in the Caribbean clade and are related to viruses recently identified in Saint Martin island, British Virgin Islands, China, and the Philippines. Although the circulating CHIKV lineages in the Americas have not yet been described, our results suggest that the Asian lineage is circulating in most American countries reporting autochthonous infection.Chikungunya virus (CHIKV; Alphavirus, Togaviridae) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that is endemic in Africa and some countries in Asia. In 2004, a CHIKV epidemic in costal Kenya was reported, and by 2005 and 2006, CHIKV had spread to the Indian Ocean island of La Reunion as well as Asia, where it caused major epidemics. Several imported cases were reported in Europe and the Americas.1 Three mayor lineages of CHIKV have been described: the east, central and south African (ECSA) lineage, the west African lineage, and the Asian lineage.2 A single mutation in the ECSA strain allowed the emergence of the Indian Ocean outbreak lineage (IOL) because of the increase of viral infectivity, dissemination, and transmission of CHIKV in Aedes albopictus.3,4 The IOL has been related to the explosive CHIKV epidemics in the Indian Ocean and Asia and autochthonous infections in Italy and the south of France as well as several imported cases into the Americas.2,5 Therefore, it was believed that the IOL of CHIKV would reach the Americas, 6 where the two vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus have an overlapping distribution 7 and adapt to cause autochthonous infection. Autochthonous CHIKV infections caused by the Asian lineage were reported in December of 2013 on the French island of Saint Martin and spread to several others Caribbean islands and Latin American countries in 2014. 8,9 Here, we report the detection of imported cases of CHIKV in Panama and the establishment of autochthonous infections as well as the results of the genetic characterization of the CHIKV viral strains.On May 13 and 14, 2014, two suspected cases of Chikungunya fever were detected in two public medical facilities in Panama City, Panama. The first patient (256114) was a 23-yearold male with the following travel history: Brazil to Haiti to Panama to Brazil. The day before his travel to Haiti from Rio de Janeiro (May 6), he presented fever, myalgia, and general malaise; he ...

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East Central South African Genotype as the Causative Agent in Reemergence of Chikungunya Outbreak in India

Cited by 74 publications

References 21 publications

Northward movement of East Central South African genotype of Chikungunya virus causing an epidemic between 2006-2010 in India

Northward movement of East Central South African genotype of Chikungunya virus causing an epidemic between 2006-2010 in India

Comparative Pathogenesis of Epidemic and Enzootic Chikungunya Viruses in a Pregnant Rhesus Macaque Model

Chikungunya Virus Infection: First Detection of Imported and Autochthonous Cases in Panama

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