Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids–amended soil

Evaluation of biological endpoints in crop plants after exposure to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Implications for phytotoxicological assessment of novel contaminants

“…Subsequent possible chronic effects of this anthropogenic pollution upon soil flora and fauna should be considered. Ecotoxicological studies have demonstrated the potential for human pharmaceuticals to cause deleterious effects in non-target organisms, including soil inhabiting organisms, such as earthworms (Boleas et al, 2005;Kinney et al, 2012;Richards and Cole, 2006). However, ecotoxicological studies on the impact of human pharmaceuticals in plant systems are rare.…”

Fate and Uptake of Pharmaceuticals in Soil–Earthworm Systems

“…The work that has been done has focused on the uptake of human and veterinary APIs into plants 11−14 with only a few studies looking at uptake into terrestrial invertebrates such as earthworms. 15,16 …”

Toxicity of three pesticides commonly used in Brazil to Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857) and Eisenia andrei (Bouché, 1972)

“…These epigeic species feed on fresh organic matter on the soil surface and do not ingest soil (Lavelle, 1988), and are recognized as having sub-optimal ecological relevance for assessing exposure effects in natural soils. However, for practical reasons both species are still widely used for these purposes due to their short reproduction time, easy handling in laboratory and the wealth of information on their sensitivity to various types of pollutants (Udovic and Lestan, 2010;Gomez-Eyles et al, 2011;Kinney et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2012). Nevertheless, the testing of natural soil or tropical artificial soil (TAS; Garcia et al, 2004) and earthworm species found in tropical areas (particularly geophagous endogeics that are dominant in tropical soils; Lavelle, 1983) in toxicity tests could contribute to a more relevant and reliable risk assessment of chemicals in the tropics (Kuperman et al, 2009).…”