Earthquakes in northern Europe in 1375–1989

Ahjos, T.; Uski, Marja

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(92)90469-m

Cited by 94 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The present seismic activity in Fennoscandia shows only a weak correlation with the postglacial rebound ( Fig. 2; Ahjos & Uski 1992;Wu et al 1999), however, the earthquake epicenter locations do correlate with PG faults in northern Sweden (Arvidsson 1996). Many earthquakes are located on the eastern (downdip) side of the PG faults and the deepest earthquakes have their foci as deep as 34-37 km (Arvidsson 1996).…”

Section: Seismicitymentioning

confidence: 64%

“…However, our understanding of the neotectonic and seismic activity is based on time series which extend only over a few decades (instrumental earthquake records) to a few centuries (historical earthquake data, e.g. Ahjos & Uski 1992). Relatively little is known of the interaction of plate tectonic stresses and glacially induced stresses over time periods of thousands of years.…”

Section: The Deep Biosphere In Pg Faultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muir-Wood 1989;Arvidsson 1996;Bungum & Lindholm 1997;Olesen et al 2004). Hence, their presence indicates a much stronger seismicity than the present-day intraplate seismicity of stable continental regions that are generally characterized by smaller earthquakes (M w # 4) (Ahjos & Uski 1992;Bungum & Lindholm 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postglacial Faults in Fennoscandia: Targets for scientific drilling

Kukkonen

Olesen

Ask

2010

GFF

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During the last stages of the Weichselian glaciation (ca. 9,000-15,000 years B.P.), reduced ice loads and glacially affected stress fields resulted in active faulting in Fennoscandia with fault scarps up to 160 km long and up to 30 m high. These postglacial (PG) faults are usually SE dipping, SW-NE oriented thrusts, and represent reactivated, pre-existing crustal discontinuities. Postglacial faulting indicates that the glacio-isostatic compensation is not only a gradual viscoelastic phenomenon, but also includes unexpected violent earthquakes, suggestively larger than other known earthquakes in stable continental regions. We explore here possibilities and benefits for investigating, via scientific drilling, the characteristics of postglacial faults in northern Fennoscandia, including their structure and rock properties, present and past seismic activity and state of stress, as well as hydrogeology and associated deep biosphere. The research is anticipated to advance science in neotectonics, hydrogeology and deep biosphere studies, and provide important information for nuclear waste disposal, petroleum exploration on the Norwegian continental shelf and studies of mineral resources in PG fault areas.

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Section: Seismicitymentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: The Deep Biosphere In Pg Faultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postglacial Faults in Fennoscandia: Targets for scientific drilling

Kukkonen

Olesen

Ask

2010

GFF

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“…The seismic activity in western Norway is relatively high (Ahjos & Uski, 1992). For Norway and adjacent areas the recurrence interval of a M5 earthquake is estimated to 10 years, while a M7 earthquake is suggested to occur every 1100 years (Bungum et al, 2005).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed site survey examining the postglacial sediment succession and depositional processes within a Norwegian fjord system, Bjørnafjorden (West Norway)

Solli¹,

Vikebø²,

Søyland³

et al. 2017

NJG

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Based on a recently acquired dense grid of sub-bottom profiles and ultra-high resolution bathymetry, we have studied the postglacial depositional history of a West Norwegian fjord system. This dataset reveals a history of frequent mass failures taking place from all slopes surrounding the main studied sediment basin. The study also shows that present-day conditions may be subject to future mass wasting, as significant sediment volumes are retained on the basin margins. The overall sediment distribution seems to be largely governed by the underlying bedrock morphologies. Earthquakes are considered to represent the most dominant trigger mechanism in the area.

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“…Vertical motion is on the order of 10 mm/yr, almost an order of magnitude greater than the horizontal motion. Seismicity is low in the central areas (excepting the Norwegian shelf), typically one magnitude-four event per year (Ahjos and Uski, 1992). According to Wells and Coppersmith (1994), associated epicentral surface displacements are 0.01 m at most.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fennoscandian strain rates from BIFROST GPS: A gravitating, thick-plate approach

Scherneck¹,

Lidberg²,

Haas³

et al. 2010

Journal of Geodynamics

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The aim of this investigation is to develop a method for the analysis of crustal strain determined by station networks that continuously collect measurements of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The major new ingredient is that we require a simultaneous minimum of the observation error and the elastic and potential energy of a thick elastic and gravitating slab. From this outset the method pursues a general approach not limited to the origin of the deforming process nor to assumptions of lateral homogeniety of the elastic and density structure. One present limitation, however, is the assumption of vertical uniformity in elasticity, which is relevant in the flexure mode.The observations that we analyse come from eight years worth of daily solutions from continuous BIFROST GPS measurements in the permanent networks of the Nordic countries and their neighbours. Reducing the observed three-dimensional velocities with best-fitting predictions for the effects of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) we find strain rates of typically 4-6 nano/yr in the interior of the rebound area, shear strain being slightly more pronounced compared to areal strain. The largest strain rates, 12 nano/yr, accompanied by a curl feature of 4 nrad/yr, are found in the Finnmarken area where, however, the GNSS network density is much lower than in the central and southern parts. The somewhat poor network geometry is found to create spurious curl at 1 to 2 nrad/yr in the Lapland-Finnmarken area.We also find that the strain generated by flexure due to GIA is important. In th emodel, the extensional regime seen at the surface turns over into a compressive style already at moderate depth, some 50 km.

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Earthquakes in northern Europe in 1375–1989

Cited by 94 publications

References 9 publications

Postglacial Faults in Fennoscandia: Targets for scientific drilling

Postglacial Faults in Fennoscandia: Targets for scientific drilling

Detailed site survey examining the postglacial sediment succession and depositional processes within a Norwegian fjord system, Bjørnafjorden (West Norway)

Fennoscandian strain rates from BIFROST GPS: A gravitating, thick-plate approach

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