Earthquake Statistics and Earthquake Research Studies in Pakistan

Abstract

The association between reproductive and mental health among women with post-disaster experiences is under-researched. This presentation reports the results and implications of a cross-sectional study on mental health in Pakistan women of reproductive age following an earthquake event. A random sample of 387 Pakistani women of reproductive age (15-49 years) with earthquake experience completed the Centers for Disease Control reproductive health assessment toolkit. They also took the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. The association of either depression or anxiety with socio-demographic variables, earthquake experiences, reproductive health and access to health facilities was estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Women with worse reproductive health events such as having a stillbirth, having had an abortion, having had abnormal vaginal discharge or having had genitalul-cers, were at significant risk of depression and anxiety. Effects were exacerbated with loss of resources for subsistence and separation from family following the earthquake event. The relationship between women's post-earthquake mental health and reproductive health, socioeconomic status, and health care access is complex and explained largely by the socio-cultural role of women. The mental health of women affected by the earthquake is associated with low socioeconomic status, separation from family, poor reproductive health outcomes and limited access to appropriate health facilities. Socio-cultural influences and access to health care may predispose them to risk adverse health outcomes from post-earthquake trauma. Posttraumatic stress and growth in tsunami relief volunteers Braj Bhushan IIT Kanpur, India; Che Liping The primary aim of the current study was to explore how the direction of counterfactual thoughts influences posttraumatic stress (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). 20 female relief volunteers who had participated in the post-tsunami relief operations in the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu were assessed for proactive coping, dissociative experiences, PTS and PTG. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and multiple discriminant analysis were performed to identify the key underlying dimensions affecting PTS and PTG. The main effects of amnesia, deper-sonalization and percentage of dissociation were highly significant. Intrusion was determined by dis-sociative experiences (amnesia and depersonaliza-tion) and family type whereas capacity for absorption determined avoidance symptoms. The main effects of proactive coping were significant for relating to others, new possibility, spiritual change, appreciation of life and total PTG score. The amnestic symptom of dissociation had a significant influence on intrusion and total trauma score as well as all the dimensions of PTG. The capacity for absorption significantly affected avoidance and total trauma score besides relating to others, personal strength, and spiritual change dimensions of PTG. The main effect of depersonalization was significant...

Analysis of Landslide Movements Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar: A Case Study in Hunza-Nagar Valley, Pakistan

“…Seismic activities in and around the region of Hunza and Nagar are thought to play a critical role in predisposing and triggering landslides. Earthquakes in 2002 (Mw 6.3), 2004, and 2005 (Mw 7.8) are the most evident among many tremors and jolts [57]. The more recent Mw 7.5 earthquake in the region of Yamgan, Afghanistan, on October 26, 2015, with its epicenter being around 300 km away from the Hunza-Nagar region, also triggered numerous landslides in the study area [6].…”

A Evaluation of tectonic geomorphology of Awaran in Baluchistan, Pakistan using SRTM data.

“…Figure 2 shows the variations in Hypsometrical Integral and shows the elevation and drop of drainage areas [31,32,33,34]. The value of HI ranges from 0 to 1 and the Hypsometric curves show the HI value, the convex shape indicates high HI value whcih indicates the uplift tendency and young active tectonic [35,36,37].…”

Does Livelihood Vulnerability Index Justify the Socio-Economic Status of Mountainous Community? A Case Study of Post-Earthquake Ecological Adaptation of Balakot Population

“…It is geographically located at 34°33N and 73°20E and encompasses an area of about 740 km 2. The mountainous region has an average elevation of 500 to 5000 m asl with dense pine forest and River Kunhar flowing throughout (Somroo et al, 2012). Geologically this area comes under Hazara-Kashmir Syntax (HKS), which is circumscribed by the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) (Sarwar et al, 2016). On the basis of seismological and structural data of 1904 to 2007, Bagh to Balakot has the most critical fault line of 120 km long (Mona, 2014).…”

“…The Himalayas are of prime significance for Pakistan and as known to be the water towers. The ongoing climate change is showing negative impacts on the mountainous life by affecting water volumes, biodiversity, increasing natural hazards, ecosystem structure and function (Basharat et al, 2016;Sarwar et al, 2016). Sustainability of life in the mountainous Shahzad regions is under extreme pressure due to higher dependence on natural resources and prevailing poverty (de Sherbinin, 2008).…”