Earthquake source dynamics and kinematics of the Eastern Indian Shield and adjoining regions

Singh, Rashmi; Khan, Prosanta Kumar; Singh, A. P.

doi:10.1007/s11600-020-00418-z

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Along with the MSR, many regional transcurrent faults (e.g., east and west Patna faults, Pingla fault and many others, Godin and Harris, 2014;Hetényi et al, 2016) passing through this region, have been accommodating the plate movements since the Holocene times (Valdiya, 1976, Valdiya, 2003. These are particularly involved in concentrating and raising the stress field (Sibson, 1980;Marshak and Paulsen, 1997), and occasionally trigger major earthquakes in this part of the Himalayas (Dasgupta et al, 2000;Paul et al, 2015;Singh et al, 2020). The spatially clustered seismic activities in this area ( Figure 1A) are caused by occasional release of strain energy through occurrences of aftershocks and other main shocks subsequent to 2015 M w 7.8 and 7.3 Nepal events.…”

Section: Regional Seismicity Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Earthquake Shocks Around Delhi-NCR and the Adjoining Himalayan Front: A Seismotectonic Perspective

et al. 2021

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An increase in the number of earthquakes and subsequent clustering in northwest India, particularly around the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) and adjacent NW Himalayan front, provides a good opportunity to understand the underpinning tectonic controls and the likelihood of any large earthquake in the future. The 2001 Mw 7.7 Bhuj, 2011 Mw 6.9 Sikkim and 2015 Mw 7.8 and 7.3 Nepal earthquakes (and 2004 Mw 9.2 Sumatra event) are important in this context. We analyzed the seismicity around the Delhi-NCR and the adjoining Himalayan front, including event clustering and the spatio-temporal distribution of b-values, in the context of kinematics and the regional geodynamics. The overall moderate-to-low b-values, both in time and space, since 2016, provide information regarding an increase and subsequent stabilization of the stress field in the study area. The analysis led to the identification of (1) a structurally guided stress field in the region between the Kachchh and the NW Himalaya that coincides with the direction of Indian plate convergence and (2) frequent occurrences of earthquakes particularly in the Delhi, Kangra and Uttarkashi areas. We propose that faults in western Peninsular India, which pass through the margins of the Aravalli Range, the Marwar basin, and the isostatically over-compensated Indo-Gangetic Plains beneath the under-plated Indian lithosphere, act as stress guides; concentrating and increasing stress in regions of lithospheric flexure. This enhanced stress may trigger a large earthquake.

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Section: Regional Seismicity Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Earthquake Shocks Around Delhi-NCR and the Adjoining Himalayan Front: A Seismotectonic Perspective

et al. 2021

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“…The Chhotanagpur Plateau and the Hazaribagh Plateau have outcrops of gneisses, schists, and granite of Precambrian rocks (Ghose, 1983). Some other plateaus, like FIGURE 2 | Seismoteconics and topographic relief Map of EIS (EIS) and adjoining regions (after Dasgupta et al, 2000;Singh et al, 2020). The study area is marked by a red rectangular box.…”

Section: Tectonic Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occasional incidents of major damaging earthquakes, such as 2015 (Mw 7.8) Nepal-Bihar, 2011 (Mw 6.9) Sikkim, 1988 (Mw 6.8) north Bihar, 1934 (Mw 8.0) north Bihar-Nepal, and 1833 (M L 7.6) Nepal-Bihar, account continued accumulation and occasionally release of strain energy in the Nepal-Bihar-Sikkim part of the Himalayas (Ansari et al, 2014;Khan et al, 2017a;Singh et al, 2020). The adjacent area of the Eastern Indian Shield (EIS) also experienced a number of moderate-magnitude earthquakes, such as 1868 (M5.7) Manbhum, 1868 (M 5.0) Hazaribagh, 1963 (M 5.0) Ranchi, and 1969 (M5.7) Bankura (Chandra, 1977;Kayal et al, 2009;Gupta et al, 2014;Rastogi, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adjacent area of the Eastern Indian Shield (EIS) also experienced a number of moderate-magnitude earthquakes, such as 1868 (M5.7) Manbhum, 1868 (M 5.0) Hazaribagh, 1963 (M 5.0) Ranchi, and 1969 (M5.7) Bankura (Chandra, 1977;Kayal et al, 2009;Gupta et al, 2014;Rastogi, 2016). The earthquakes occurring in the EIS and adjacent areas (Figures 1, 2) are linked with the continued convergence of the Indian plate beneath the Himalaya (Khan et al, 2020;Singh et al, 2020). Toward the north, the Gangetic foredeep, the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), West Patna Fault (WPF), East Patna Fault (EPF), and Munger-Saharsa Ridge Fault (MSRF) are the main structural discontinuities; these run either parallel or orthogonal to the southern border of the Nepal Himalaya (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toward the north, the Gangetic foredeep, the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), West Patna Fault (WPF), East Patna Fault (EPF), and Munger-Saharsa Ridge Fault (MSRF) are the main structural discontinuities; these run either parallel or orthogonal to the southern border of the Nepal Himalaya (Figure 2). A few of these features, along with other transecting faults, have shown strike-slip dominated movements during the Holocene period (Sastri et al, 1971;Valdiya, 1976;Ansari et al, 2014;Khan et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2020). Such operative dynamics and kinematics toward the south of the Himalayan Foothills, compatible with the back propagation of the compressive stress field, facilitated deformation in the EIS, and the effects were likely extended up to the Central Indian basin (McKenzie and Sclater, 1971;Minster and Jordan, 1978;Stein and Okal, 1978;Gordon et al, 1990;DeMets et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crustal Configuration and Seismic Stability of the Eastern Indian Shield and Adjoining Regions: Insights for Incidents of Great Earthquakes in the Nepal-Bihar-Sikkim Himalaya

Singh

Khan

2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Eastern Indian Shield (EIS) is comprised of the intracratonic (coal-bearing) Damodar Gondwana basin, rift-controlled extensional Lower Gangetic basin (LGB), and the downward flexed Indo-Gangetic basin (IGB). The present study involves the computations and mapping of the basement configuration, sediment thickness, Moho depth, and the residual isostatic gravity anomaly, based on 2-D gravity modeling. The sediment thickness in the area ranges between 0.0 and 6.5 km, and the Conrad discontinuity occurs at ∼17.0–20 km depth. The depth of the Moho varies between 36.0 and 41.5 km, with the maximum value beneath the Upper Gangetic basin (UGB), and the minimum of ∼36 km (uplifted Moho) in the southeastern part beneath the LGB. The maximum residual isostatic anomaly of +44 mGal in the southern part indicates the Singhbhum shear zone, LGB, and Rajmahal trap to be under-compensated, whereas the northern part recording the minimum residual isostatic anomaly of –87.0 mGal is over-compensated. Although the region experienced a few moderate-magnitude earthquakes in the past, small-magnitude earthquakes are sparsely distributed. The basement reactivation was possibly associated with a few events of magnitudes more than 4.0. Toward the south, in the Bay of Bengal (BOB), seismic activities of moderate size and shallow origin are confined between the aseismic 85 and 90°E ridges. The regions on the extreme north and south [along the Himalaya and the equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO)] are experienced moderate-to-great earthquakes over different times in the historical past, but the intervening EIS and the BOB have seismic stability. We propose that the two aseismic ridges are guiding the lithospheric stress fields, which are being further focused by the basement of the EIS, the BOB, and the N-S extended regional fault systems into the bending zone of the penetrating Indian lithosphere beneath the Himalaya. The minimum obliquity of the Indian plate and the transecting fault systems in the Foothills of the Himalaya channelize and enhance the stress field into the bending zone. The enhanced stress generates great earthquakes in the Nepal-Bihar-Sikkim Himalaya, and on being reflected back through the apparently stable EIS and BOB, the stress field creates deformation and great earthquakes in the EIO.

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Geomorphic Appraisal of Active Tectonics and Fluvial Anomalies in Peninsular Rivers of the Bengal Basin (West Bengal, India)

Ghosh¹

2022

Geography of the Physical Environment

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Earthquake source dynamics and kinematics of the Eastern Indian Shield and adjoining regions

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Earthquake Shocks Around Delhi-NCR and the Adjoining Himalayan Front: A Seismotectonic Perspective

Earthquake Shocks Around Delhi-NCR and the Adjoining Himalayan Front: A Seismotectonic Perspective

Crustal Configuration and Seismic Stability of the Eastern Indian Shield and Adjoining Regions: Insights for Incidents of Great Earthquakes in the Nepal-Bihar-Sikkim Himalaya

Geomorphic Appraisal of Active Tectonics and Fluvial Anomalies in Peninsular Rivers of the Bengal Basin (West Bengal, India)

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