Earthquake induced liquefaction features in the Karewas of Kashmir Valley North-West Himalayas, India: Implication to paleoseismicity

Khan, Rais Ahmad; Shah, Mohammad Yousuf

doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.08.007

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The liquefaction potential index (LPI) considers both the geometrical parameter of the liquefiable layer and the associated (Iwasaki 1978 ; Iwasaki et al 1982 ). The map for the Kashmir valley was proposed based on SPT-based method, which suggests that maximum boreholes in Baramulla and Kupwara demonstrate very high LPI (Dar and Dubey 2015 ; Khan and Shah 2016 ; Sana and Nath 2016 ; Zahoor et al 2019 ). The site condition for different values of and, the required plan of action for liquefaction mitigation is mentioned in Table 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction hazard assessment in a seismically active region of Himalayas using geotechnical and geophysical investigations: a case study of the Jammu Region

Ansari

Zahoor

Rao

et al. 2022

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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The Jammu Region (JR) in the northwestern Himalayas trigged by medium to high magnitude near-field as well as far-field earthquake events, including the most recent 2019 Mirpur earthquake. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop the zonation map for liquefaction hazard in the JR based on liquefaction potential index ( ) and probability of liquefaction ( ). To achieve this, factor of safety against liquefaction was estimated using standard penetration test (SPT) data collected from geotechnical consultancies and shear wave velocity measured during field testing at 243 locations, and an integrated liquefaction hazard map generated. The liquefaction features such as sand blows and ground rupture were found in Jatah (Samba district) and Simbal (Jammu district). According to the integrated hazard map, places near the bank of Tawi River and Ravi River in Jammu have young alluvium, making them particularly prone to liquefaction. Liquefaction does not occur in the eastern and western sections because of high shear wave velocities and rock at shallow depth, and it also does not occur in the central area due to thick sand deposits. values ranged from 0 to 27.45 having very low to very high liquefaction risk. is greater than 0.75 for sites located on the southwestern side due to uniformly graded soil having extremely low SPT ( N ) and values. This study will aid site planners in the construction of structures that consider liquefaction mitigation and well-defined liquefaction risk measures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction hazard assessment in a seismically active region of Himalayas using geotechnical and geophysical investigations: a case study of the Jammu Region

Ansari

Zahoor

Rao

et al. 2022

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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“…Guiraud et al (1993) discussed the relationship between seismites and magnitude of cretaceous paleoearthquake, at the same time connected forming process of soft sediment lique ed curled deformation with earthquake facies triggered by activities of growth faults, taking the relationship among focal depth, magnitude and sediments liquefaction into consideration, and excluded deformation caused by ancient slope, gravity load and diagenesis. In geological history, softsediment curled deformation structures with some small growth faults have a wide distribution, which are associated with the earthquake vibration, and they are considered as a crucial key to determine whether the paleoearthquake exists or not (Obermeier, 1996;Pope et al, 1997;Ettensohn et al, 2000;Moretti, 2000;Zhang et al, 2007;Houston et al, 2008;Khan and Shah, 2016;Ezquerro et al, 2016;Deev et al, 2018Deev et al, , 2019; Qiao et al, (1994) called layers with curled deformation and boudinage structures as earthquake fold rocks, which were formed when these original sediments were transformed in situ.…”

Section: Soft-sediment Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake sedimentary event record in Early Triassic in southeastern Sichuan Basin, SW China

Zeng

Zhang

2022

Preprint

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There are some macroscopic and microscopic sedimentary structures of seismic events in the outcrops in Lower Triassic Feixianguan Fm (T1f). and Jialingjiang Fm (T1j). in southeastern parts of Sichuan Basin. The following basic types of sedimentary structures could be observed: Soft-sediment liquefied deformation structures include curled deformation (sliding deformation structure," sausage structure") and microscopic folds (laminated plastic deformation). Seismites emerge in T1f1 and T1f2 in Baimiaozi section, Beibei, Chongqing, while in T1j2 at Longdongwan, Xuyong, Sichuan, as well as the same strata at Xingwen, Sichuan and Xishui, Guizhou. The sedimentary sequences of seismites in outcrops are clear, presenting the whole process of paleoearthquake from strong to weak. The author argues that the Sanjiang tectonic belt represented by the evolution of Yidun arc in the western Sichuan had strong activities at the west margin of the upper Yangtze plate, which may be related to the formation of seismites in the early Triassic. Earthquake activities and volcanic eruption can be triggered in large areas by the plate collision and the subduction of oceanic crust in the Sanjiang tectonic belt.

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“…Guiraud et al discussed the relationship between seismites and magnitude of cretaceous paleoearthquake, at the same time connected forming process of soft sediment liquefied curled deformation with earthquake facies triggered by activities of growth faults, taking the relationship among focal depth, magnitude and sediments liquefaction into consideration, and excluded deformation caused by ancient slope, gravity load and diagenesis [42]. In geological history, soft-sediment curled deformation structures with some small growth faults have a wide distribution, which are associated with the earthquake vibration, and they are considered as a crucial key to determine whether the paleoearthquake exists or not called layers with curled deformation and boudinage structures as earthquake fold rocks, which were formed when these original sediments were transformed in situ [28,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Soft-sediment Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Sedimentary Event Record In Early Triassic In Southeastern Sichuan Basin, Sw China

2022

JMSRO

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There are some macroscopic and microscopic sedimentary structures of seismic events in the outcrops in Lower Triassic Feixianguan Fm (T1 f). and Jialingjiang Fm (T1 j). in southeastern parts of Sichuan Basin. The following basic types of sedimentary structures could be observed: Soft-sediment liquefied deformation structures include curled deformation (sliding deformation structure," sausage structure") and microscopic folds (laminated plastic deformation). Seismites emerge in T1 f 1 and T1 f 2 in Baimiaozi section, Beibei, Chongqing, while in T1 j 2 at Longdongwan, Xuyong, Sichuan, as well as the same strata at Xingwen, Sichuan and Xishui, Guizhou. The sedimentary sequences of seismites in outcrops are clear, presenting the whole process of paleoearthquake from strong to weak. The author argues that the Sanjiang tectonic belt represented by the evolution of Yidun arc in the western Sichuan had strong activities at the west margin of the upper Yangtze plate, which may be related to the formation of seismites in the early Triassic. Earthquake activities and volcanic eruption can be triggered in large areas by the plate collision and the subduction of oceanic crust in the Sanjiang tectonic belt.

show abstract

Earthquake induced liquefaction features in the Karewas of Kashmir Valley North-West Himalayas, India: Implication to paleoseismicity

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Liquefaction hazard assessment in a seismically active region of Himalayas using geotechnical and geophysical investigations: a case study of the Jammu Region

Liquefaction hazard assessment in a seismically active region of Himalayas using geotechnical and geophysical investigations: a case study of the Jammu Region

Earthquake sedimentary event record in Early Triassic in southeastern Sichuan Basin, SW China

Earthquake Sedimentary Event Record In Early Triassic In Southeastern Sichuan Basin, Sw China

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