Earthquake hazard zonation of Sikkim Himalaya using a GIS platform

Pal, Indrajit; Nath, Sankar Kumar; Shukla, K. K.; Pal, Dilip Kumar; Raj, Abhishek; Thingbaijam, K. K. S.; Bansal, B. K.

doi:10.1007/s11069-007-9173-7

Cited by 54 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The quiescence of 200 years in Garhwal agrees with similar recurrence interval of 193 years in Kutch region in the failed rift, away from Indian plate boundary. These inferences would be helpful in refinement of the current practices of seismic hazard assessment Pal et al 2008;Bansal 2013a, 2013b). However, the complexity of fault pattern resulting in nonlinear build-up of stresses in the Himalayan region calls for a comprehensive geophysical research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminatory characteristics of seismic gaps in Himalaya

Srivastava¹,

Verma

Bansal

et al. 2013

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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Contrary to most of the earlier theories that great earthquakes (M w 8.5 or even larger) may occur anywhere along the Indian plate boundary assuming uniform strain accumulation, this paper proposes two types of gaps with discriminatory characteristics. The new gaps were initially identified from earthquakes of magnitude 6, whose return periods in Himalaya vary between 20 and 30 years and are well within the period of reliable instrumental data of about 100 years. These gaps were then integrated with the largest magnitude event in instrumental era and historical times; information on paleoseismicity, micro-seismicity data, GPS-based geodetic observations and the tectonic features. The regions where great/major earthquakes (Mw 8 or larger) have occurred in the past are classified as seismic gap of category 1, namely Kashmir, west Himachal Pradesh (Kangra), Uttarakhand to Dharachulla, central Nepal to Bihar, Shillong, Arunachal gap including Assam-Tibet-Myanmar syntaxis. On the other hand, the second category of seismic gap includes JammuKishtwar block, east Himachal Pradesh, western Nepal (excluding Dharachulla region) and Sikkim-Bhutan where history of large earthquakes is not available. In these gaps, the largest earthquake magnitude is smaller (7-7.5) and the recurrence interval for earthquakes of same magnitude is larger as compared to category 1 gaps.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminatory characteristics of seismic gaps in Himalaya

Srivastava¹,

Verma

Bansal

et al. 2013

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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“…Multi Criteria Analysis has been widely employed in various fields of disaster risk reduction to analyse phenomenon such as flooding, soil erosion, ground water assessment to name a few and it was also employed in this present study. Pal et al (2007) pointed out that soils with loose consistency or quick sand easily got fluid nature and disaggregated during earthquake event, this is simply known as liquefaction. These researchers revealed that unconsolidated particles have high potential to liquefy or separated from another during earthquake shaking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fault buffers were created in kilometre (km) interval. According to Pal et al (2007) and Sekac et al (2016), fault zones that tend to concede the central tendency of epicentre of earthquake episodes in a tectonically active region. Slope is also considered as an essential component that contributes toward liquefaction during earthquake event.…”

Section: Analysis Of Data Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6 below illustrates the methodological step by step approach undertaken and the formula of calculating liquefaction potential zone. The calculation method was adopted from Pal et al (2007) and Sekac et al (2016) using the MCA technique in ArcGIS.…”

Section: Analysis Of Data Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Fernández et al (2010),the five parameters incorporated to produce an urban flood hazard zoning in Tucumán Province, Argentina were: distance to the drainage channels (D), topography (heights and slopes) (H & S), ground water table depths (GWD), and urban land use (LU). Pal et al (2007) stated that the earthquake hazard zonation of the Sikkim Himalaya was prepared from analysing and assessing 8 thematic layers within the GIS based-decision support system. Those 8 thematic layers namely; slope (SL) soil site class (SO), geology (GE), rock outcrop (RO), land slide (LS), simulated peak ground acceleration (PGA), frequency wave number (F-W), site response (SR) and predominant frequency (PF) were used in geographic information system (GIS) platform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depending on magnitude the earthquake hazards can have collateral retort of devastations in collusion with the site-soil geology. Fiji – Tonga region accounts for about 70 percent of the world’s earthquakes with depths greater than 400 kilometres. Risk management through spatial planning is paramount for tectonism linked disasters in order to reduce the extent of fatality and economic cost. Humanity is at the ‘tipping point’ of self-destruction unless knowledge on disaster risk reduction is disseminated on time in the form of implementable solutions such as using ArcGIS as a tool to provide worthwhile segmentation of disaster prone zones to administrators. The present study aims at assessing the site-soil geology and earthquake hazard potentiality of VitiLevu Island using the GIS and remote sensing techniques. Site-soil geology, geomorphology, seismology and SRTM DEM data were the main sources of layers used to carry out analysis using the Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and ArcGIS Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA).The technology involves preparing and assessing several contributing factors (thematic layers) those are assigned with weightage and rankings, and finally normalizing the assigned weights and ranking. In the ArcGIS 10.5 spatial analyst tool, the raster calculator, reclassify and weightage overlay tools were mainly employed in the study. The final output of EHZ indicates the ‘low’, ‘moderate’ and ‘high’ zones of potential earthquake disasters. The result provides a substantial readable guide for urban and regional spatial planners as well policy makers to formulate disaster reduction policies. Thus, informing civil societies, private societies and community to become well - versed with adaptive strategies suitable to withstand and encounter earthquake hazards.

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Natural Hazards

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2013

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Earthquake hazard zonation of Sikkim Himalaya using a GIS platform

Cited by 54 publications

References 38 publications

Discriminatory characteristics of seismic gaps in Himalaya

Discriminatory characteristics of seismic gaps in Himalaya

Earthquake Hazard Micro Zonation in Fiji Islands: A Research of Viti Levu Island

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Natural Hazards

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