Earthquake early warning: Recent advances and perspectives

Cremen, Gemma; Galasso, Carmine

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103184

Cited by 105 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(141 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several approaches have been proposed for the real-time estimation of the earthquake location and magnitude, and are now implemented in various EEW algorithms around the world; a detailed review of these approaches is not within the scope of this paper but can be found in Zollo et al (2014b) and Cremen and Galasso (2020), among many others. Approaches for regional EEW can be classified as either "point-source" (which simplistically treat the source as a concentrated volume) or "finite-fault" (which involve a more sophisticated and realistic characterization of source properties, considering the entire fault plane).…”

Section: Regional Earthquake Early Warning Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is achieved by implementing empirical regressions that correlate measurements obtained on the P-wave recordings and the amplitude of the final IM at the site. An extensive review of these approaches is not within the scope of this paper but can be found in Cremen and Galasso (2020), among many others.…”

Section: On-site Earthquake Early Warning Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A PBEE approach can allow one to compare the expected losses corresponding to the three different possible outcomes of any EEW system: 1) performing an accurate mitigation action; 2) triggering false alarms; and 3) missing alarms. PBEE could additionally be combined with methods for multicriteria decision analysis to create an advanced engineeringoriented decision-support system for EEW (e.g., Cremen and Galasso, 2020). This type of system would contain a harmonized mathematical framework for explicitly measuring all design variables that are integral to assessing the feasibility of implementing a given action (Iervolino, 2011), i.e., a) the required warning time; b) the false alarm acceptability; and c) the expected loss mitigation and related costs.…”

Section: Engineering Approaches To Earthquake Early Warningmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of the Technical and Socio-Organizational Components of Earthquake Early Warning Systems

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Every year, natural hazards affect millions of people around the world, causing significant economic and life losses. The rapid progress of technology and advances in understanding of the highly complex physical phenomena related to various natural hazards have promoted the development of new disaster-mitigation tools, such as earthquake early warning (EEW) systems. However, there is a general lack of integration between the multi-and crossdisciplinary elements of EEW, limiting its effectiveness and applications for end users. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art in EEW, exploring both the technical components (i.e., seismological and engineering) as well as the socio-organizational components (i.e., social science, policy, and management) of EEW systems. This includes a discussion of specific evidence from case studies of Italy, United States' West Coast, Japan, and Mexico, where EEW systems have reached varying levels of maturity. Our aim is to highlight necessary improvements for increasing the effectiveness of the technical aspects of EEW in terms of their implications on operational, political/legal, social, behavioral, and organizational drivers. Our analysis suggests open areas for research, associated with: 1) the information that needs to be included in EEW alerts to implement successful mitigation actions at both individual and organizational levels; 2) the need for response training to the community by official bodies, such as civil protection; 3) existing gaps in the attribution of accountability and development of liability policies involving EEW implementation; 4) the potential for EEW to increase seismic resilience of critical infrastructure and lifelines; 5) the need for strong organizational links with first responders and official EEW bodies; and 6) the lack of engineering-related (i.e., risk and resilience) metrics currently used to support decision making related to the triggering of alerts by various end users.

show abstract

Section: Regional Earthquake Early Warning Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On-site Earthquake Early Warning Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Engineering Approaches To Earthquake Early Warningmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of the Technical and Socio-Organizational Components of Earthquake Early Warning Systems

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems are timidly becoming operational in some areas of some seismic countries (Cremen and Galasso, 2020). Despite EEW technology is mature, liability issues about who send the alerts and who is responsible for false/missed detections limit the pace at which EEW are made available to the general public.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Earthquake Network Project: A Platform for Earthquake Early Warning, Rapid Impact Assessment, and Search and Rescue

Finazzi

2020

Front. Earth Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Earthquake Network is a citizen science research project implementing an earthquake early warning system based on smartphone crowdsourcing. People join the project by installing a smartphone application and they receive real time alerts when earthquakes are detected by the smartphone network. Started at the end of 2012, the project has involved more than 5.5 million people and the application currently has around 500,000 active users. This makes Earthquake Network one of the largest citizen science project and an earthquake early warning system operational at the global scale. This paper aims at describing the main features of the project, of the smartphone application and of the data which are made available when an earthquake is detected in real time or reported by the application users.

show abstract

“…The billion gigabits available online via channels such as social media have raised further challenges to the achievement of reliable quality standards (Kostkova et al 2003;Alexander 2015). Moreover, end-user oriented early warning systems, multi-criteria decision support systems, and the scenariobuilding methods are some of the applied research fields in which updated benchmarking can make a difference and can help manage complexity (Pescaroli and Alexander 2018;Cremen and Galasso 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Likert Scale-Based Model for Benchmarking Operational Capacity, Organizational Resilience, and Disaster Risk Reduction

Pescaroli

Velazquez

Alcántara-Ayala

et al. 2020

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Likert scales are a common methodological tool for data collection used in quantitative or mixed-method approaches in multiple domains. They are often employed in surveys or questionnaires, for benchmarking answers in the fields of disaster risk reduction, business continuity management, and organizational resilience. However, both scholars and practitioners may lack a simple scale of reference to assure consistency across disciplinary fields. This article introduces a simple-to-use rating tool that can be used for benchmarking responses in questionnaires, for example, for assessing disaster risk reduction, gaps in operational capacity, and organizational resilience. We aim, in particular, to support applications in contexts in which the target groups, due to cultural, social, or political reasons, may be unsuitable for in-depth analyses that use, for example, scales from 1 to 7 or from 1 to 10. This methodology is derived from the needs emerged in our recent fieldwork on interdisciplinary projects and from dialogue with the stakeholders involved. The output is a replicable scale from 0 to 3 presented in a table that includes category labels with qualitative attributes and descriptive equivalents to be used in the formulation of model answers. These include examples of levels of resilience, capacity, and gaps. They are connected to other tools that could be used for in-depth analysis. The advantage of our Likert scale-based response model is that it can be applied in a wide variety of disciplines, from social science to engineering.

show abstract

Earthquake early warning: Recent advances and perspectives

Cited by 105 publications

References 157 publications

A Review of the Technical and Socio-Organizational Components of Earthquake Early Warning Systems

A Review of the Technical and Socio-Organizational Components of Earthquake Early Warning Systems

The Earthquake Network Project: A Platform for Earthquake Early Warning, Rapid Impact Assessment, and Search and Rescue

A Likert Scale-Based Model for Benchmarking Operational Capacity, Organizational Resilience, and Disaster Risk Reduction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About