Earthquake early warning in countries where damaging earthquakes only occur every 50 to 150 years – The societal perspective

Dallo, Irina; Marti, Michèle; Clinton, John; Böse, Maren; Massin, Frédérick; Zaugg, Simone

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103441

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…To address earthquake hazards and establish strategies in various countries, EEWs are currently subjected to various research initiatives (e.g., Minson et al, 2018;Santos-Reyes, 2019;McBride et al, 2020;Ahn, 2021;Bostrom et al, 2022;Dallo et al, 2022;Sumy et al, 2022;Sutton et al, 2022). Similar strategies for earthquake responses are evolving to suit the characteristics of each country.…”

Section: Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing network-based earthquake early warning systems in low-seismicity areas

Ahn,

Cho,

Hwang

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Earthquake early warning (EEW) technology, designed to alert the public of earthquake risks after initial P-wave detection but before the onset of strong tremors, has developed rapidly. Methodologies from various fields are combined in EEW systems to estimate earthquake locations, magnitudes, and expected intensities based on the initial P-wave data. These systems operate automatically because prompt responses are required. However, as no common evaluation framework for EEW system verification exists, potentially divergent evaluations from reviewers or countries could ensue. Moreover, evaluating EEW systems is more complicated when the target area does not experience frequent earthquakes. We aimed to establish a guidance review process for low-seismicity areas to ensure reliable and stable integrated EEW system operation. We incorporated management aspects through actual system operator surveillance and designed an EEW assessment process based on feedback from our surveys. Using this approach, we created a comprehensive and well-informed evaluation process that considers the diverse perspectives of experts involved in EEWs. Our proposed assessment method allows for a uniform and consistent evaluation process, regardless of changes in the methods or technologies used by EEW systems. The method aims to guide EEW system assessments in low-seismicity areas.

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Section: Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing network-based earthquake early warning systems in low-seismicity areas

Ahn,

Cho,

Hwang

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Several methods, including interviews [21] and surveys [22,23], can be used to collect information on human responses to an EEW message in an actual earthquake. These data were primarily derived from individuals' prior earthquake experiences [24], which could be affected by recall bias and lead to inaccurate results [25].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Earthquake Early Warning Message in China: An Affordance Perspective Using Immersive Virtual Reality

Han

Chen

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The early earthquake warning (EEW) system is essential for mitigating the effects of seismic incidents. However, in China, the design of EEW messages has not received much attention. This study employs affordance theory to examine the effectiveness of the EEW message generated by the Institute of Care-Life (ICL) in China, specifically by investigating four aspects of affordances: functional, cognitive, sensory, and emotional affordance. With 68 participants, we conducted an immersive virtual reality experiment. The results revealed that the ICL EEW message has a strong emotional affordance but inadequate functional, cognitive, and sensory affordance. These data provide recommendations for enhancing EEW messages, which could result in better interaction during earthquakes in China. This study investigated the viability of immersive virtual reality as a research tool for EEW. It increases understanding of the elements that determine the effectiveness of EEW communications, leading to better preparedness and response measures, reducing the impact of earthquakes and saving lives and property.

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“…The SED continues to optimise the Swiss Seismic Network for EEW, although the benefit from further station densification appears limited (Böse et al, 2022). Despite the rare occurrence of large earthquakes in Switzerland, a recent public survey shows that 70% of the Swiss population would like rapid notifications for all earthquakes that are felt, even if they have a low damage potential (Dallo et al, 2022a). Future mass notifications for EEW in Switzerland could be enabled either through the Swiss multihazard Alertswiss and MeteoSwiss platforms, which can receive and display push notifications on mobile devices, or through cell broadcast once available.…”

Section: Earthquake Early Warning (Eew)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Regarding EEW systems, a public survey conducted by the SED in Switzerland (Dallo et al, 2022a), revealed that the Swiss public wants to receive EEW alerts for all felt events (even if they are not damaging) and their preferences align with those in other countries. EEW alerts with pictograms have the strongest effect in motivating people to take action, even if that is not necessarily what they like best.…”

Section: Communication and Societal Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Dynamic Earthquake Risk Framework for Switzerland

Böse,

Danciu,

Papadopoulos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Scientists at ETH Zurich from different disciplines are developing a dynamic, harmonised and user-centred earthquake risk framework for Switzerland, relying on a continuously evolving earthquake catalogue generated by the SED using the national seismic networks. This framework uses all available information to assess seismic risk at various stages and facilitates widespread dissemination and communication of the resulting information. Earthquake risk products and services include Operational Earthquake (Loss) Forecasting (OE[L]F), Earthquake Early Warning (EEW), ShakeMaps, Rapid Impact Assessment (RIA), Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), as well as Recovery and Rebuilding Efforts (RRE). Standardisation of products and workflows across various applications is essential for achieving broad adoption, universal recognition, and maximum synergies. In the Swiss dynamic earthquake risk framework, the harmonisation of products into seamless solutions that access the same databases, workflows, and software is a crucial component to ensure standardisation. A user-centred approach utilising quantitative and qualitative social science tools like online surveys and focus groups is a significant innovation featured in all products and services. Here we report on the key considerations and developments of the framework and its components.

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Earthquake early warning in countries where damaging earthquakes only occur every 50 to 150 years – The societal perspective

Cited by 13 publications

References 75 publications

Assessing network-based earthquake early warning systems in low-seismicity areas

Assessing network-based earthquake early warning systems in low-seismicity areas

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Earthquake Early Warning Message in China: An Affordance Perspective Using Immersive Virtual Reality

Towards a Dynamic Earthquake Risk Framework for Switzerland

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