Earth observation Water Cycle Multi-Mission Observation Strategy (WACMOS)

Su, Zhongbo; Dorigo, Wouter; Fernàndez–Prieto, Diego; Helvoirt, Maria Van; Hungershoefer, K.; Jeu, Richard de; Parinussa, Robert; Timmermans, J.; Roebeling, Rob; Schröder, Marc; Schulz, Jörg B.; Tol, Christiaan van der; Stammes, P.; Wagner, Wolfgang; Wang, L.; Wang, P.; Wolters, E.

doi:10.5194/hessd-7-7899-2010

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It is however to note that there are flags in both AMSR-E and ASCAT-L2 products that when applied would result in no data in winter for many areas on the Tibetan Plateau but we choose to evaluate the complete data sets and have discovered the opposite behaviour of the two data products which may be utilised to produce a combined and more consistent dataset (e.g. Su et al, 2010). Figure 7 shows soil moisture products from AMSR-E, ASCAT-L2 and SMOS compared to measured values at 5 cm soil depth in Maqu network area from 1 July 2009 to 31 July 2010.…”

Section: Maqu Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tibetan Plateau observatory of plateau scale soil moisture and soil temperature (Tibet-Obs) for quantifying uncertainties in coarse resolution satellite and model products

Wen

Dente

et al. 2011

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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344

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Abstract.A plateau scale soil moisture and soil temperature observatory is established on the Tibetan Plateau for quantifying uncertainties in coarse resolution satellite and model products of soil moisture and soil temperature. The Tibetan Plateau observatory of plateau scale soil moisture and soil temperature (Tibet-Obs) consists of three regional scale insitu reference networks, including the Naqu network in a cold semiarid climate, the Maqu network in a cold humid climate and the Ngari network in a cold arid climate. These networks provide a representative coverage of the different climate and land surface hydrometeorological conditions on the Tibetan plateau. In this paper the details of the Tibet-Obs are reported. To demonstrate the uniqueness of the TibetObs in quantifying and explaining soil moisture uncertainties in existing coarse satellite products, an analysis is carried out to assess the reliability of several satellite products for the Naqu and the Maqu network areas. It is concluded that global coarse resolution soil moisture products are useful but exhibit till now unreported uncertainties in cold and semiarid regions -use of them would be critically enhanced if uncertainties can be quantified and reduced using in-situ measurements.

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Section: Maqu Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tibetan Plateau observatory of plateau scale soil moisture and soil temperature (Tibet-Obs) for quantifying uncertainties in coarse resolution satellite and model products

Wen

Dente

et al. 2011

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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344

313

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“…The historical microwave satellites have been used to compile a consistent 20-year record of global soil moisture (Liu et al 2009(Liu et al , 2011Su et al 2010). Satellite-based soil moisture products from both passive and active instruments were collected and harmonized in one system, covering a period since January 1991, with a spatial resolution of 0.25° and a daily time step.…”

Section: ) Groundwater and Terrestrial Water Storage -mentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Climate in 2010

Blunden

Arndt

Baringer

2011

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

141

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Several large-scale climate patterns influenced climate conditions and weather patterns across the globe during 2010. The transition from a warm El Niño phase at the beginning of the year to a cool La Niña phase by July contributed to many notable events, ranging from record wetness across much of Australia to historically low Eastern Pacific basin and near-record high North Atlantic basin hurricane activity. The remaining five main hurricane basins experienced below- to well-below-normal tropical cyclone activity. The negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation was a major driver of Northern Hemisphere temperature patterns during 2009/10 winter and again in late 2010. It contributed to record snowfall and unusually low temperatures over much of northern Eurasia and parts of the United States, while bringing above-normal temperatures to the high northern latitudes. The February Arctic Oscillation Index value was the most negative since records began in 1950. The 2010 average global land and ocean surface temperature was among the two warmest years on record. The Arctic continued to warm at about twice the rate of lower latitudes. The eastern and tropical Pacific Ocean cooled about 1°C from 2009 to 2010, reflecting the transition from the 2009/10 El Niño to the 2010/11 La Niña. Ocean heat fluxes contributed to warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Global integrals of upper ocean heat content for the past several years have reached values consistently higher than for all prior times in the record, demonstrating the dominant role of the ocean in the Earth's energy budget. Deep and abyssal waters of Antarctic origin have also trended warmer on average since the early 1990s. Lower tropospheric temperatures typically lag ENSO surface fluctuations by two to four months, thus the 2010 temperature was dominated by the warm phase El Niño conditions that occurred during the latter half of 2009 and early 2010 and was second warmest on record. The stratosphere continued to be anomalously cool. Annual global precipitation over land areas was about five percent above normal. Precipitation over the ocean was drier than normal after a wet year in 2009. Overall, saltier (higher evaporation) regions of the ocean surface continue to be anomalously salty, and fresher (higher precipitation) regions continue to be anomalously fresh. This salinity pattern, which has held since at least 2004, suggests an increase in the hydrological cycle. Sea ice conditions in the Arctic were significantly different than those in the Antarctic during the year. The annual minimum ice extent in the Arctic—reached in September—was the third lowest on record since 1979. In the Antarctic, zonally averaged sea ice extent reached an all-time record maximum from mid-June through late August and again from mid-November through early December. Corresponding record positive Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode Indices influenced the Antarctic sea ice extents. Greenland glaciers lost more mass than any other year in the decade-long record. The Greenland Ice Sheet lost a record amount of mass, as the melt rate was the highest since at least 1958, and the area and duration of the melting was greater than any year since at least 1978. High summer air temperatures and a longer melt season also caused a continued increase in the rate of ice mass loss from small glaciers and ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Coastal sites in Alaska show continuous permafrost warming and sites in Alaska, Canada, and Russia indicate more significant warming in relatively cold permafrost than in warm permafrost in the same geographical area. With regional differences, permafrost temperatures are now up to 2°C warmer than they were 20 to 30 years ago. Preliminary data indicate there is a high probability that 2010 will be the 20th consecutive year that alpine glaciers have lost mass. Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continued to rise and ozone depleting substances continued to decrease. Carbon dioxide increased by 2.60 ppm in 2010, a rate above both the 2009 and the 1980–2010 average rates. The global ocean carbon dioxide uptake for the 2009 transition period from La Niña to El Niño conditions, the most recent period for which analyzed data are available, is estimated to be similar to the long-term average. The 2010 Antarctic ozone hole was among the lowest 20% compared with other years since 1990, a result of warmer-than-average temperatures in the Antarctic stratosphere during austral winter between mid-July and early September.

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“…3.4). Due to the difficulties that arise from executing SEBS on the global scale (see Su et al, 2010), the current work concentrates on PM-MOD, GLEAM, and PT-JPL, while the localscale analysis in Part 1 also includes the SEBS model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The WACMOS-ET project – Part 2: Evaluation of global terrestrial evaporation data sets

Miralles

Jiménez²,

Jung

et al. 2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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290

214

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Abstract. The WAter Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy -EvapoTranspiration (WACMOS-ET) project aims to advance the development of land evaporation estimates on global and regional scales. Its main objective is the derivation, validation, and intercomparison of a group of existing evaporation retrieval algorithms driven by a common forcing data set. Three commonly used process-based evaporation methodologies are evaluated: the PenmanMonteith algorithm behind the official Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) evaporation product (PM-MOD), the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), and the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model (PT-JPL). The resulting global spatiotemporal variability of evaporation, the closure of regional water budgets, and the discrete estimation of land evaporation components or sources (i.e. transpiration, interception loss, and direct soil evaporation) are investigated using river discharge data, independent global evaporation data sets and results from previous studies. In a companion article (Part 1), Michel et al. (2016) inspect the performance of these three models at local scales using measurements from eddy-covariance towers and include in the assessment the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model. In agreement with Part 1, our results indicate that the Priestley and Taylor products (PT-JPL and GLEAM) perform best overall for most ecosystems and climate regimes. While all three evaporation products adequately represent the expected average geographical patterns and seasonality, there is a tendency in PM-MOD to underestimate the flux in the tropics and subtropics. Overall, results from GLEAM and PT-JPL appear more realistic when compared to surface water balances from 837 globally distributed catchments and to separate evaporation estimates from ERAInterim and the model tree ensemble (MTE). Nonetheless, all products show large dissimilarities during conditions of water stress and drought and deficiencies in the way evaporation is partitioned into its different components. This observed inter-product variability, even when common forcing is used, suggests that caution is necessary in applying a single data set for large-scale studies in isolation. A general finding that different models perform better under different conditions highlights the potential for considering biome-or climatespecific composites of models. Nevertheless, the generation of a multi-product ensemble, with weighting based on validation analyses and uncertainty assessments, is proposed as the Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. D. G. Miralles et al.: The WACMOS-ET project -Part 2best way forward in our long-term goal to develop a robust observational benchmark data set of continental evaporation.

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Earth observation Water Cycle Multi-Mission Observation Strategy (WACMOS)

Cited by 23 publications

References 57 publications

The Tibetan Plateau observatory of plateau scale soil moisture and soil temperature (Tibet-Obs) for quantifying uncertainties in coarse resolution satellite and model products

The Tibetan Plateau observatory of plateau scale soil moisture and soil temperature (Tibet-Obs) for quantifying uncertainties in coarse resolution satellite and model products

State of the Climate in 2010

The WACMOS-ET project – Part 2: Evaluation of global terrestrial evaporation data sets

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