Earth impedance model for through-the-earth communication applications with electrodes

Bataller, V.; Muñoz, Antonio de Arriba; Gaudó, Pilar Molina; Mediano, Arturo; Cuchí, José Antonio; Villarroel, José Luis

doi:10.1029/2010rs004406

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Recently, Bataller et al investigated electrode contact impedance under the context of TTE communications [10]–[12]. An earth impedance model that can be applied for TTE communications systems was proposed in [11]. In addition, a measurement method for characterizing the electrode impedance of a TTE communication system was presented in [12].…”

Section: Elf Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Measurement of Through-the-Earth, Extremely Low-Frequency Signals Using Copper-Clad Steel Ground Rods

Damiano

Yan

Whisner

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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The underground mining environment can greatly affect radio signal propagation. Understanding how the earth affects signal propagation is a key to evaluating communications systems used during a mine emergency. One type of communication system is through-the-earth, which can utilize extremely low frequencies (ELF). This paper presents the simulation and measurement results of recent National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) research aimed at investigating current injection at ELF, and in particular, ground contact impedance. Measurements were taken at an outside surface testing location. The results obtained from modeling and measurement are characterized by electrode impedance, and the voltage received between two distant electrodes. This paper concludes with a discussion of design considerations found to affect low-frequency communication systems utilizing ground rods to inject a current into the earth.

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Section: Elf Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Measurement of Through-the-Earth, Extremely Low-Frequency Signals Using Copper-Clad Steel Ground Rods

Damiano

Yan

Whisner

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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“…Electric dipole antennas have been widely used in Through-The-Earth (TTE) communication via a current injected into the earth at the power stage [1][2][3]. The Coal Mine Security Standard has many restrictions on the permissible transmission power of TTE communication systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Electric Dipole Antenna Model and Its Field Propagation

Guo

Xue

et al. 2016

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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An optimal electric dipole antennas model is presented and analyzed, based on the hemispherical grounding equivalent model and the superposition principle. The paper also presents a full-wave electromagnetic simulation for the electromagnetic field propagation in layered conducting medium, which is excited by the horizontal electric dipole antennas. Optimum frequency for field transmission in different depth is carried out and verified by the experimental results in comparison with previously reported simulation over a digital wireless Through-The-Earth communication system. The experimental results demonstrate that the dipole antenna grounding impedance and the output power can be efficiently reduced by using the optimal electric dipole antenna model and operating at the optimum frequency in a vertical transmission depth up to 300 m beneath the surface of the earth.

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“…In the third case, in TTE communications, the earth impedance calculation is in the range of low frequencies. However, the problem is defined and treated by using the electromagnetic wave approach [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Low-Frequency Earth Return Impedance: A Consistent Electromagnetic Approach

Kaszás-Lažetić

Herceg

2015

APH

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In this paper, we present a new method for determining the earth return impedance. The proposed method, based on electromagnetic field theory, is very accurate and convenient for the analysis of earth behavior over a wide range of low frequencies. It takes into account all crucial physical events, including an exact treatment of the skin and proximity effects within the earth. Combining analytical and numerical procedures for finding the exact current distribution and the earth return impedance per unit length, we have developed an efficient and powerful tool that is described in this paper. In all calculations, real situations were considered, consisting of various soil resistivity values, overhead conductor heights, and combinations of parameters at various frequencies. Although most commonly applied simplified formulas give accurate results at industrial frequencies, significantly worse results are obtained in the presence of higher harmonics. Hence, verification of the developed method was achieved by comparing obtained results with the results of the Carson-Clem simplified formula and the FEM-based calculations. The generality of the developed program indicates that it may also be applied for calculating the earth return impedance in the presence of higher current harmonics.

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Earth impedance model for through-the-earth communication applications with electrodes

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Simulation and Measurement of Through-the-Earth, Extremely Low-Frequency Signals Using Copper-Clad Steel Ground Rods

Simulation and Measurement of Through-the-Earth, Extremely Low-Frequency Signals Using Copper-Clad Steel Ground Rods

An Optimal Electric Dipole Antenna Model and Its Field Propagation

Determining Low-Frequency Earth Return Impedance: A Consistent Electromagnetic Approach

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