Earth Crustal Model 1 (ECM1): A 1° x 1° Global Seismic and Density Model

Mooney, Walter D.; Barrera-Lopez, Carol; Suárez, María Gabriela; Castelblanco, Miguel A.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104493

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…This taxonomy is a grouping of our final velocity model into four distinct crustal types based on self‐similar patterns detected across the entire model. Contrasted with classification schemes described in global crustal models (Mooney et al., 2023; Pasyanos et al., 2014) our taxonomy is not informed by surface geology, or required for data extrapolation where spatial sampling is lacking. The new crustal taxonomy we have constructed is derived exclusively from applying unsupervised machine learning algorithms on our final seismological model without imposing, a priori, any biasing geological assumption.…”

Section: Discussion and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Africa's Crustal Architecture Inferred From Probabilistic and Perturbational Inversion of Ambient Noise: ADAMA

Olugboji,

Xue,

Legre

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Africa's continental crust hosts a variety of geologic terrains and is crucial for understanding the evolution of its longest‐lived cratons. However, few of its seismological models are yet to incorporate the largest continent‐wide noise dispersion data sets. Here, we report on new insights into Africa's crustal architecture obtained using a new data set and model assessment product, ADAMA, which comprises a large ensemble of short‐period surface wave dispersion measurements: 5–40 s. We construct a continent‐wide model of Africa's Crust Evaluated with ADAMA's Rayleigh Phase maps (ACE‐ADAMA‐RP). Dispersion maps, and uncertainties, are obtained with a probabilistic approach. This model update, and a crustal taxonomy derived from unsupervised machine learning, reveals that the architecture of Africa's crust can be classified into two main types: primitive (C1: faster velocities with little gradients) and modified (C2–C4: slower velocities in the shallow crust with more pronounced gradients). The Archean shields are “primitive,” showing little variation or secular evolution. The basins, orogens, and continental margins are “modified” and retain imprints of surface deformation. The crustal taxonomy is obtained without a‐priori geological information and differs from previous classification schemes. While most of our reported features are robust, probabilistic modeling suggests caution in the quantitative interpretations where illumination is compromised by low‐quality measurements, sparse coverage or both. Future extension of our approach to other complementary seismological and geophysical data sets—for example, multimode earthquake dispersion, receiver functions, gravity, and mineral physics, will enable continent‐wide lithospheric modeling that extends resolution to the upper mantle.

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Section: Discussion and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Africa's Crustal Architecture Inferred From Probabilistic and Perturbational Inversion of Ambient Noise: ADAMA

Olugboji,

Xue,

Legre

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…(2019) and Mooney et al. (2023) (i.e., ECM1). This database is filtered for crustal thickness estimates determined by seismic reflection and refraction using controlled sources (e.g., Figures 2a and 2b) that were acquired over a period from 1950 to 2020.…”

Section: Continental Crustal Databasementioning

confidence: 95%

“…We exploit the Global Seismic Catalog of the United States Geological Survey (i.e., USGS GSC) database, an extensive catalog of crustal thickness estimates determined using a range of techniques that was initially compiled by Christensen and Mooney (1995), updated by Mooney (2015) and Mooney et al. (2023). Continuous, interpolated crustal thickness models based upon iterations of this database have been published by Mooney et al.…”

Section: Continental Crustal Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We supplement this new compilation with receiver function constraints assembled by Mooney et al. (2023). By far the most commonly used technique is the H ‐ κ stacking method described by L. Zhu and Kanamori (2000), which involves searching for the combination of Moho depth, H , and bulk ratio of crustal velocities (i.e.,

{\overline{V}}_{P}/{\overline{V}}_{S}=\kappa

), that maximizes the amplitude sum of P ‐to‐ S conversions beneath a given seismic receiver.…”

Section: Continental Crustal Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that we have not weighted measurements for tectonic setting in calculating this value (cf. Christensen & Mooney, 1995; Mooney et al., 2023).…”

Section: Continental Crustal Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Continental Residual Topography Extracted From Global Analysis of Crustal Structure

Stephenson,

Hoggard,

Holdt

et al. 2024

JGR Solid Earth

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Continental topography is dominantly controlled by a combination of crustal thickness and density variations. Nevertheless, it is clear that some additional topographic component is supported by the buoyancy structure of the underlying lithospheric and convecting mantle. Isolating these secondary sources is not straightforward, but provides valuable information about mantle dynamics. Here, we estimate and correct for the component of topographic elevation that is crustally supported to obtain residual topographic anomalies for the major continents, excluding Antarctica. Crustal thickness variations are identified by assembling a global inventory of 26,725 continental crustal thickness estimates from local seismological data sets (e.g., wide‐angle/refraction surveys, calibrated reflection profiles, receiver functions). In order to convert crustal seismic velocity into density, we develop a parametrization that is based upon a database of 1,136 laboratory measurements of seismic velocity as a function of density and pressure. In this way, 4,120 new measurements of continental residual topography are obtained. Observed residual topography mostly varies between ±1 and 2 km on wavelengths of 1,000–5,000 km. Our results are generally consistent with the pattern of residual depth anomalies observed throughout the oceanic realm, with long‐wavelength free‐air gravity anomalies, and with the distribution of upper mantle seismic velocity anomalies. They are also corroborated by spot measurements of emergent marine strata and by the global distribution of intraplate magmatism that is younger than 10 Ma. We infer that a significant component of residual topography is generated and maintained by a combination of lithospheric thickness variation and sub‐plate mantle convection. Lithospheric composition could play an important secondary role, especially within cratonic regions.

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Review: Andesitic aquifers—hydrogeological conceptual models and insights relevant to applied hydrogeology

Baud,

Lachassagne,

Dumont

et al. 2024

Hydrogeol J

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Research on the hydrogeology of andesitic volcanic aquifers in subduction areas is reviewed. Andesitic aquifers are of high interest in volcanic arc islands and subduction zones, where they constitute a strategic water resource. This review gathers a compilation of worldwide results and case studies to propose a generic hydrogeological conceptual model (GHCM). It is based on the geological conceptual model splitting the volcanic edifice, from upstream to downstream, into central, proximal, medial and distal zones. In this geological structure, the GHCM identifies where the main aquifer types (fractured lava, pyroclastic flows, and the volcano-sedimentary basins downstream) and the typical aquitards (lahars, fine pyroclastic falls and surges, indurated pyroclastic flow, and weathered rocks) are structured and organized. To integrate the evolution of volcanoes and some specific volcanic activities, a specific GHCM for old andesitic volcanoes or andesitic shield volcanoes is detailed. The paper also describes how the GHCM results are of use to hydrogeologists in terms of scale (from the lithological units to the regional scale), to effectively site water wells, and to sustainably manage groundwater resources in such aquifers. Among these various scales, the volcanic “flank continuum” is presented as the most adapted to support groundwater resources management. Several ways to improve this GHCM are suggested, notably to better consider the geological complexity of these aquifers.

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Earth Crustal Model 1 (ECM1): A 1° x 1° Global Seismic and Density Model

Cited by 7 publications

References 101 publications

Africa's Crustal Architecture Inferred From Probabilistic and Perturbational Inversion of Ambient Noise: ADAMA

Africa's Crustal Architecture Inferred From Probabilistic and Perturbational Inversion of Ambient Noise: ADAMA

Continental Residual Topography Extracted From Global Analysis of Crustal Structure

Review: Andesitic aquifers—hydrogeological conceptual models and insights relevant to applied hydrogeology

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