“…The tendency of a company to carry out earnings management has encouraged tests using many factors and variables by several previous researchers. These studies include discussing the variables that affect the company in carrying out earnings management practices in the form of good corporate governance (Asitalia & Trisnawati, 2017;Jao & Pagalung, 2011;Kordlouie & Sheikhbeglo, 2012;Mahiswari & Nugroho, 2014;Mutuc et al, 2019;Wibawa et al, 2020), deferred tax expense (Ifada & Wulandari, 2015;Nurhanifah & Jaya, 2014;Phillips et al, 2003;Trisnawati et al, 2015;Wibawa et al, 2020), deferred tax asset (Wibawa et al, 2020;Yahya & Wahyuningsih, 2019), tax planning (Dwianika & Wisnantiasri, 2019;Ifada & Wulandari, 2015;Trisanti, 2019), leverage (Asitalia & Trisnawati, 2017;Dwianika & Wisnantiasri, 2019;Jao & Pagalung, 2011;Mahiswari & Nugroho, 2014;Religiosa & Surjandari, 2021;Sosiawan, 2012;Suhartanto, 2015;Tala & Karamoy, 2017), company size (Jao & Pagalung, 2011;Mahiswari & Nugroho, 2014;Sosiawan, 2012;Suhartanto, 2015;Trisanti, 2019), profitability (Suhartanto, 2015;Tala & Karamoy, 2017;Trisnawati et al, 2015), litigation risk (Kirana et al, 2016), firm risk (Pradnyani & Astika, 2019;Religiosa & Surjandari, 2021;…”