Early weaning alters the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue in adult male and female rats

Peixoto, Thamara Cherem; Pietrobon, Carla Bruna; Bertasso, Iala Milene; Caramez, F.A.H.; Calvino, Camila; Santos, Tatianne Rosa dos; Oliveira, Elaine de; Moura, Egberto Gaspar de; Lisboa, Patrícia Cristina

doi:10.1007/s00394-019-02071-9

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We observed reduced sympathetic nervous system activity in BAT, followed by reduced UCP1 and PGC1-α expression. 88 BAT function also seemed to be compromised by a reduction in the pAMPK/AMPK ratio 88 ; taken together, the BAT changes could promote hypometabolism, contributing to the obesity phenotype.…”

Section: Nonpharmacological Early Weaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female offspring in both pharmacological and NPEW models exhibited higher adiposity and hyperphagia, despite having normal body weight. A sexdependent mechanism seems to be involved in this phenotype because the females showed differences in hormonal profiles, 115 BAT thermogenic capacity, 88 fat deposit distribution, and glucocorticoid status. 111…”

Section: Sex-related Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…87 Hypothyroidism could impair the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) along with reducing sympathetic nervous system activity in the BAT and reducing adrenergic receptor content (β3-AR) in the PEW offspring. 88 Despite these changes, the BAT of PEW offspring did not show a change in uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) expression but showed reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α) expression. 88 Taken together, these changes confirm the presence of hypometabolism in PEW offspring, indicating their susceptibility to obesity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…88 Despite these changes, the BAT of PEW offspring did not show a change in uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) expression but showed reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α) expression. 88 Taken together, these changes confirm the presence of hypometabolism in PEW offspring, indicating their susceptibility to obesity. Interestingly, the restoration of serum thyroid hormones and corticosterone levels by chronic low-intensity exercise during life attenuated obesity and its related disorders, such as dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, in adult male PEW offspring.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Does early weaning shape future endocrine and metabolic disorders? Lessons from animal models

Souza

Moura

Lisboa

2020

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Obesity and its complications occur at alarming rates worldwide. Epidemiological data have associated perinatal conditions, such as malnutrition, with the development of some disorders, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, in childhood and adulthood. Exclusive breastfeeding has been associated with protection against long-term chronic diseases. However, in humans, the interruption of breastfeeding before the recommended period of 6 months is a common practice and can increase the risk of several metabolic disturbances. Nutritional and environmental changes within a critical window of development, such as pregnancy and breastfeeding, can induce permanent changes in metabolism through epigenetic mechanisms, leading to diseases later in life via a phenomenon known as programming or developmental plasticity. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms by which precocious weaning can result in adipose tissue dysfunction and endocrine profile alterations. Here, the authors give a comprehensive report of the different animal models of early weaning and programming that can result in the development of metabolic syndrome. In rats, for example, pharmacological and nonpharmacological early weaning models are associated with the development of overweight and visceral fat accumulation, leptin and insulin resistance, and neuroendocrine and hepatic changes in adult progeny. Sex-related differences seem to influence this phenotype. Therefore, precocious weaning seems to be obesogenic for offspring. A better understanding of this condition seems essential to reducing the risk for diseases. Additionally, this knowledge can generate new insights into therapeutic strategies for obesity management, improving health outcomes.

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Section: Nonpharmacological Early Weaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sex-related Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Does early weaning shape future endocrine and metabolic disorders? Lessons from animal models

Souza

Moura

Lisboa

2020

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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“…However, less than 40% of children globally are exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of life (WHO, 2015). In this context, animal models have provided knowledge concerning cellular and molecular alteration resulting from early weaning (Ahola, Vapalahti, & Lohi, 2017; Kikusui, Ishio, Nagasawa, Mogil, & Mogi, 2016; Mogi, Ishida, Nagasawa, & Kikusui, 2016; Peixoto et al., 2019; Pohl et al., 2017; Takita & Kikusui, 2016; Wang, Cui, Zhang, & Su, 2017), although there is a lack in the literature concerning biochemical modulation in the offspring's brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early weaning alters redox status in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of rat pups

Klein

August

Santos

et al. 2020

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Exposure to environmental factors can program the metabolism, conferring resistance or increasing the risk to chronic disease development in childhood and adulthood. In this sense, lactation is an important period in this window of development. Herein, we investigated the effect of early weaning on neurochemical and behavioral changes in offspring at weaning and adulthood. Female and male pups were divided into four groups: (1) Control weaning (weaning on the PND21, pups were kept with the biological mother); (2) Early Weaning Bromocriptine group (EWB) (pharmacological weaning on PND16); (3) Early Weaning Cross-Fostering group (EWCF) (pups housed with a foster mother on PND16 up to PND21); (4) Early Weaning Without Care group (EWWC) (weaning on PND16, maternal separation). Weight control of pups was recorded from postnatal Day 16 to 59. On the 21st day, part of the pups was euthanized and the hippocampus and hypothalamus were removed for biochemical evaluation. The remaining pups were submitted to behavioral tests on the 60th postnatal day. Early weaning reduced the pups' body weight, in a sexdependent way. At 60 days of age, male pups of EWCF and EWWC groups have lower body weight compared to control male, and female body weight was lower than male pups. In relation to biochemical changes in the brain, weaning altered the levels of oxidants, increased the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as induced lipid peroxidation. Weaning was also able to alter long-term memory and induce anxious behavior in pups. Our results demonstrate that the different types of early weaning changed the parameters of redox status in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of pups (21 days old), suggesting a prooxidative profile, in addition, to alter learning/memory and inducing an anxious behavior in male offspring (60 days old).

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Prostatic alterations associated to early weaning and its relation with cocoa powder supplementation. Experimental study in adult wistar rats

et al. 2021

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Early weaning can predispose the offspring to greater risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood. It is believed that the consumption of functional foods is able to prevent these effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of maternal and postnatal cocoa powder supplementation on body mass, metabolism, and morphology of the prostate of early weaned Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four experimental groups according to lactation time (21 or 18 days, n=6, each) as follows: control group (C), cocoa control group (CCa), early weaning group (EW), and cocoa early weaning group (EWCa). The animals were euthanized at 90 days of age. Serum biochemical analysis and prostate histomorphometric evaluation were performed. The animals supplemented with cocoa powder were heavier than their respective controls (p <0.05), although with no difference in food intake among the groups. Likewise, these same groups showed a reduction in the serum glucose in relation to C and EW groups (p <0.0001). With respect to the prostate, there was no difference in smooth muscle and lumen area densities, while the EW group had a lower epithelial height and a higher percentage of mast cells than the C group (p <0.05). On the other hand, the EWCa group managed to reverse these parameters, leveling with the controls. Early weaning resulted in hyperglycemia and important morphological changes in the prostate. In contrast, dietary supplementation with cocoa powder attenuated these effects on the metabolism and prostatic histoarchitecture, proving to be a good nutritional treatment strategy.

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Early weaning alters the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue in adult male and female rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Does early weaning shape future endocrine and metabolic disorders? Lessons from animal models

Does early weaning shape future endocrine and metabolic disorders? Lessons from animal models

Early weaning alters redox status in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of rat pups

Prostatic alterations associated to early weaning and its relation with cocoa powder supplementation. Experimental study in adult wistar rats

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