“…Mean while, dur ing pre-Ceno zoic times the wide spread ex am ples of bur row ing mam mals and their im me di ate therapsid an ces tors (e.g., Voorhies, 1975;Smith, 1987;Groenewald, 1991;Groenewald et al, 2001;Miller et al, 2001;Damiani et al, 2003;Hasiotis, 2003;Hasiotis et al, 2004;Colombi et al, 2008Colombi et al, , 2012Tan ner and Lucas, 2009;Sidor et al, 2008;Modesto and Botha-Brink, 2010;Hembree, 2010;Bordy et al, 2011;Tałanda et al, 2011;Liu and Li, 2013 and ref er ences cited therein) were sec onded by dif fer ent groups of "rep tiles" (i.e., sauropsid amniotes) such as lepidosaurs (e.g., Lee, 1998;Kear ney and Stu art, 2004;Martill et al, 2015;Yi and Norell, 2015), procolophonid tur tle an ces tors and tur tles (e.g., Groenewald, 1991;de Braga, 2003;Sidor et al, 2008), or crocodyliforms (e.g., Gomani, 1997;Loope, 2008) as likely can di dates for a bur row ing habit. More re cently, even dino saurs were added to the list of bur row ing Me so zoic tetra pods (Varricchio et al, 2007;Mar tin, 2009;Wood ruff and Varricchio, 2011).…”