Early trauma and mood disorders in youngsters

Abstract

Objective: To verify early experiences of childhood abuse and neglect among young with bipolar disorder (BD), major depression (MDD), and controls. Method: Case-control study nested to a population-based cross-sectional study. The diagnosis was performed via the structured clinical interview for DSM--IV Axis I Disorders (SCID). Traumatic events were analyzed using the Portuguese version -Questionário sobre Traumas na Infância (CTQ) -based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: The sample comprised 231 adolescents with 95 individuals in the control group, 82 with MDD and 54 with BD (32 of type I and 22 type II). The prevalence of trauma or violence in childhood was 42.2%; among those, 54.7% had BD, 62.2% had MDD and 18.1% were in the control group. Young people with BD or MDD obtained higher means in total CTQ and among their components when compared with those in the control group. Discussion: Reports on early traumatic experiences were more frequent among young people with mood disorders than in the general population, corroborating the literature on the subject. In this sense, the traumatic experiences during childhood seemed to contribute to the onset of the disorder.Konradt CE, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2013;40(3):93-6 Keywords: Early trauma, traumatic experience, mood disorders, bipolar disorder, major depression. ResumoObjetivo: Verificar vivências precoces de abuso e negligência na infância entre jovens com transtorno bipolar (TB), transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) e controles populacionais. Método: Estudo de caso-controle aninhado a um estudo transversal de base populacional. A confirmação do diagnóstico foi realizada por meio de entrevista clínica estruturada para transtornos de eixo I do DSM-IV (SCID) e os eventos traumáticos foram verificados pelo Questionário sobre traumas na infância (CTQ). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 231 jovens, sendo 95 indivíduos no grupo controle, 82 com TDM e 54 com TB (32 do tipo I e 22 do tipo II). A prevalência de trauma na infância foi de 42,2%, sendo 54,7% entre aqueles com TB, 62,2% entre os jovens com TDM e 18,1% entre o grupo controle. Os jovens com TB ou TDM apresentaram maiores médias no CTQ total e entre seus componentes quando comparados aos jovens do grupo controle, exceto o componente abuso sexual, em que se observou diferença estatística apenas entre o grupo controle e o grupo de jovens com transtorno bipolar. Conclusão: O relato de vivências traumáticas precoces foi mais presente entre os jovens com transtornos de humor do que na população geral, confirmando o que a literatura traz sobre o tema. Nesse sentido, as vivências de trauma na infância parecem contribuir para o aparecimento dos transtornos de humor. Konradt CE, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2013;40(3):93-6 Palavras-chave: Trauma precoce, vivências traumáticas, transtornos de humor, transtorno bipolar, depressão maior.

Relationship between childhood adversity and bipolar affective disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…This effect did not appear to be the result of study design or bias, and remained robust and significant even after controlling for hypothetically missing studies. The findings should be interpreted in the context of relatively few longitudinal studies and none with a 36 Agid et al (1999) 28 Chen et al (2014) 37 Etain et al (2010) 33 Fowke et al (2012) 23 Furukawa et al (1999) 29 Grandin et al (2007) 31 Horesh & Iancu (2010) 34 Janiri et al (2015) 39 Konradt et al (2013) 35 Rucklidge et al (2006) 30 Savitz et al (2008) 32 Watson et al (2014) 38 Subtotal Afifi et al (2014) 24 Gilman et al (2014) 26 Laursen et al (2007) 22 Molnar et al (2001) 25 Scott et al (2010) 18 Stikkelbroek et al (2012) 21 Subtotal Total prospective cohort design, limiting the ability to make causal inferences. Nevertheless, there appears to be a strong and significant association between childhood adversity and bipolar disorder.…”

Correlations between childhood maltreatment and anxiety and depressive symptoms and risk behaviors in school adolescents

“…18,19 In this sense, data show several correlations between maltreatment in childhood and psychiatric disorders developed in adolescence and adulthood. 20,21 Studies indicate that anxiety disorders and depressive disorders (internalizing disorders), substance use disorders and antisocial behavior (externalizing disorders); as well as suicidal behaviors are the ones most associated and predicted in cases of abuse and neglect. [14][15][16][17] Being exposed to these harmful acts at an early age generates greater symptom chronicity and duration.…”

Perceptions, Feelings, and Meanings of the Early Stress for the Adult with Depression: A Theoretical Model

“…The occurrence of depression symptoms such as anxiety disorders and the abusive use of chemical substances is strongly associated with the presence of early stress [10] [11]. The exposure to mistreatments during childhood, such as negligence, is correlated to the reduction in the volume of grey matter in the brain of adolescents, behavioral changes, and mental health disorders [12].…”