Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes

Sutton, Elizabeth F.; Beyl, Robbie A.; Early, Kate; Cefalu, William T.; Ravussin, Éric; Peterson, Courtney M.

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010

Cited by 1,011 publications

(1,337 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…TRF improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice . In humans, markers of β‐cell function and insulin sensitivity were also improved by TRF (6‐hour feeding period, with dinner before 3 pm ) . In that study, the increased fasting length (18 hours versus 12 hours in the control condition) may have contributed to the result .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…This study carefully matched and supervised all energy intakes in both conditions. There was no change in body weight in either condition, but TRF improved postprandial insulin, insulin sensitivity, and β‐cell function after 5 weeks . This study is the first to show that limiting food intake prior to 3 pm is beneficial for glycemic control in humans, independently of weight change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In humans, markers of β‐cell function and insulin sensitivity were also improved by TRF (6‐hour feeding period, with dinner before 3 pm ) . In that study, the increased fasting length (18 hours versus 12 hours in the control condition) may have contributed to the result . To achieve equal fasting lengths in this study, meal tests were conducted at 8 am (TRFe) or 12 pm (TRFd).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recently, a controlled feeding trial compared a 6‐h/d eating period (dinner before 3 pm ) with a 12‐h/d eating period in men with prediabetes . This study carefully matched and supervised all energy intakes in both conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time‐Restricted Feeding Improves Glucose Tolerance in Men at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Hutchison

Regmi

Manoogian

et al. 2019

Obesity

360

287

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Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of 9‐hour time‐restricted feeding (TRF), early (TRFe) or delayed (TRFd), on glucose tolerance in men at risk for type 2 diabetes. Methods Fifteen men (age 55 ± 3 years, BMI 33.9 ± 0.8 kg/m2) wore a continuous glucose monitor for 7 days of baseline assessment and during two 7‐day TRF conditions. Participants were randomized to TRFe (8 am to 5 pm) or TRFd (12 pm to 9 pm), separated by a 2‐week washout phase. Glucose, insulin, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and gastrointestinal hormone incremental areas under the curve were calculated following a standard meal on days 0 and 7 at 8 am (TRFe) or 12 pm (TRFd). Results TRF improved glucose tolerance as assessed by a reduction in glucose incremental area under the curve (P = 0.001) and fasting triglycerides (P = 0.003) on day 7 versus day 0. However, there were no mealtime by TRF interactions in any of the variables examined. There was also no effect of TRF on fasting and postprandial insulin, nonesterified fatty acids, or gastrointestinal hormones. Mean fasting glucose by continuous glucose monitor was lower in TRFe (P = 0.02) but not TRFd (P = 0.17) versus baseline, but there was no difference between TRF conditions. Conclusions While only TRFe lowered mean fasting glucose, TRF improved glycemic responses to a test meal in men at risk for type 2 diabetes regardless of the clock time that TRF was initiated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Time‐Restricted Feeding Improves Glucose Tolerance in Men at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Hutchison

Regmi

Manoogian

et al. 2019

Obesity

360

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A strategy of time-restricted feeding has also been evaluated in individuals with pre-diabetes, who were assigned into a group that ate between 8AM-2PM and fasted for the remaining 18 hours and compared them with individuals who followed their routine pattern of food intake between 8AM-8PM with a period of 12 hours fasted in between (211). Time-restricted feeding resulted in dramatically lowered insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity and β cell responsiveness, and lower blood pressure without altering circulating lipoprotein levels or markers of inflammation, without adverse effects.…”

Section: Intermittent Fasting As a Tool To Regulate Cardiometabolic Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysosomes Mediate Benefits of Intermittent Fasting in Cardiometabolic Disease: The Janitor Is the Undercover Boss

Mani

Javaheri

Diwan

2018

Comprehensive Physiology

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Adaptive responses that counter starvation have evolved over millennia to permit organismal survival, including changes at the level of individual organelles, cells, tissues, and organ systems. In the past century, a shift has occurred away from disease caused by insufficient nutrient supply toward overnutrition, leading to obesity and diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease. The burden of these diseases has spurred interest in fasting strategies that harness physiological responses to starvation, thus limiting tissue injury during metabolic stress. Insights gained from animal and human studies suggest that intermittent fasting and chronic caloric restriction extend lifespan, decrease risk factors for cardiometabolic and inflammatory disease, limit tissue injury during myocardial stress, and activate a cardioprotective metabolic program. Acute fasting activates autophagy, an intricately orchestrated lysosomal degradative process that sequesters cellular constituents for degradation, and is critical for cardiac homeostasis during fasting. Lysosomes are dynamic cellular organelles that function as incinerators to permit autophagy, as well as degradation of extracellular material internalized by endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of knowledge that has shaped our understanding of lysosomes as central regulators of cellular metabolism and the fasting response. Intriguingly, lysosomes also store nutrients for release during starvation; and function as a nutrient sensing organelle to couple activation of mammalian target of rapamycin to nutrient availability. This article reviews the evidence for how the lysosome, in the guise of a janitor, may be the "undercover boss" directing cellular processes for beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and restoring homeostasis during feast and famine. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1639-1667, 2018.

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Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Other Metabolic Parameters in Women and Men With Overweight and Obesity

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCEThe efficacy and safety of time-restricted eating have not been explored in large randomized clinical trials.OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of 16:8-hour time-restricted eating on weight loss and metabolic risk markers. INTERVENTIONSParticipants were randomized such that the consistent meal timing (CMT) group was instructed to eat 3 structured meals per day, and the time-restricted eating (TRE) group was instructed to eat ad libitum from 12:00 PM until 8:00 PM and completely abstain from caloric intake from 8:00 PM until 12:00 PM the following day. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis 12-week randomized clinical trial including men and women aged 18 to 64 years with a body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 27 to 43 was conducted on a custom mobile study application. Participants received a Bluetooth scale. Participants lived anywhere in the United States, with a subset of 50 participants living near San Francisco, California, who underwent in-person testing. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was weight loss. Secondary outcomes from the in-person cohort included changes in weight, fat mass, lean mass, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A 1c levels, estimated energy intake, total energy expenditure, and resting energy expenditure.RESULTS Overall, 116 participants (mean [SD] age, 46.5 [10.5] years; 70 [60.3%] men) were included in the study. There was a significant decrease in weight in the TRE (−0.94 kg; 95% CI, −1.68 to −0.20; P = .01), but no significant change in the CMT group (−0.68 kg; 95% CI, -1.41 to 0.05, P = .07) or between groups (−0.26 kg; 95% CI, −1.30 to 0.78; P = .63). In the in-person cohort (n = 25 TRE, n = 25 CMT), there was a significant within-group decrease in weight in the TRE group (−1.70 kg; 95% CI, −2.56 to −0.83; P < .001). There was also a significant difference in appendicular lean mass index between groups (−0.16 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI, −0.27 to −0.05; P = .005). There were no significant changes in any of the other secondary outcomes within or between groups. There were no differences in estimated energy intake between groups.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Time-restricted eating, in the absence of other interventions, is not more effective in weight loss than eating throughout the day.TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03393195 and NCT03637855

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Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes

Cited by 1,011 publications

References 85 publications

Time‐Restricted Feeding Improves Glucose Tolerance in Men at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Time‐Restricted Feeding Improves Glucose Tolerance in Men at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Lysosomes Mediate Benefits of Intermittent Fasting in Cardiometabolic Disease: The Janitor Is the Undercover Boss

Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Other Metabolic Parameters in Women and Men With Overweight and Obesity

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