Early thermalization, hydrodynamics and energy loss in AdS/CFT

Chesler, Paul M.; Schee, Wilke van der

doi:10.1142/s0218301315300118

Cited by 47 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Very similar results should be obtained in different pictures of heavy ion collisions, even though the language is rather different [29][30][31]. We found that the baryon densities in the fireballs outside the central rapidity region attain values an order of magnitude greater than normal nuclear matter.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

High baryon densities in heavy ion collisions at energies attainable at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Kapusta²

2017

Phys. Rev. C

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In very high energy collisions nuclei are practically transparent to each other but produce very hot, nearly baryon-free, matter in the so-called central rapidity region. The energy in the central rapidity region comes from the kinetic energy of the colliding nuclei. We calculate the energy and rapidity loss of the nuclei using the color glass condensate model. This model also predicts the excitation energy of the nuclear fragments. Using a space-time picture of the collision we calculate the baryon and energy densities of the receding baryonic fireballs. For central collisions of gold nuclei at the highest energy attainable at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, for example, we find baryon densities more than ten times that of atomic nuclei over a large volume.

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supporting

confidence: 82%

High baryon densities in heavy ion collisions at energies attainable at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Kapusta²

2017

Phys. Rev. C

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“…First, most of the energy of the incoming projectiles is deposited into a long-lived, quasistatic blob of energy at mid-rapidity. This in contrast to collisions in theories without phase transitions [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], where the energy density profile after the collision exhibits a minimum at mid-rapidity and two maxima away from mid-rapidity. Second, the physics of the collision is qualitatively identical for the three values of φ M shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…[1] for a review). The first examples [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] considered gravity models dual to conformal field theories (CFTs). These studies were subsequently extended to non-conformal theories in [9,10] based on the set of models introduced in [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Holographic Collisions across a Phase Transition

et al. 2018

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We use holography to analyse relativistic collisions in a one-parameter family of strongly coupled gauge theories with thermal phase transitions. For a critical value of the parameter the transition is second order, for subcritical values it is first order, and for super-critical values it a smooth crossover. We extract the gauge theory stress tensor from collisions of gravitational shock waves on the dual geometries. Regardless of the nature of the transition, for values of the parameter close to the critical value almost all the energy of the projectiles is deposited into a long-lived, quasi-static blob of energy at mid-rapidity. This configuration is well described by the constitutive relations of second-order hydrodynamics that include all second-order gradients that are purely spatial in the local rest frame. In contrast, a Müller-Israel-Stewart-type formulation of hydrodynamics fails to provide a good description. We discuss possible implications for searches of the QCD critical point.

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“…Issues of thermalization have recently received renewed attention, due in part to numerous experiments probing quantum dynamics in approximately closed systems [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] as well as new theoretical tools, like AdS=CFT duality, which are able to address dynamics in isolated strongly interaction systems (see Refs. [13,14] for a review). In general, there are numerous time scales associated with thermalization, which proceeds through distinct stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset of many-body chaos in the O(N) model

2017

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The growth of commutators of initially commuting local operators diagnoses the onset of chaos in quantum many-body systems. We compute such commutators of local field operators with N components in the (2 þ 1)-dimensional OðNÞ nonlinear sigma model to leading order in 1=N. The system is taken to be in thermal equilibrium at a temperature T above the zero temperature quantum critical point separating the symmetry broken and unbroken phases. The commutator grows exponentially in time with a rate denoted λ L . At large N the growth of chaos as measured by λ L is slow because the model is weakly interacting, and we find λ L ≈ 3.2T=N. The scaling with temperature is dictated by conformal invariance of the underlying quantum critical point. We also show that operators grow ballistically in space with a "butterfly velocity" given by v B =c ≈ 1 where c is the Lorentz-invariant speed of particle excitations in the system. We briefly comment on the behavior of λ L and v B in the neighboring symmetry broken and unbroken phases.

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Early thermalization, hydrodynamics and energy loss in AdS/CFT

Cited by 47 publications

References 111 publications

High baryon densities in heavy ion collisions at energies attainable at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider

High baryon densities in heavy ion collisions at energies attainable at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Holographic Collisions across a Phase Transition

Onset of many-body chaos in the O(N) model

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