Early Tertiary vegetation: evidence from spores and pollen

Macphail, Michael; Alley, N. F.; Truswell, E. M.; Sluiter, I. R. K.

doi:10.20851/australian-vegetation-10

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Dinocyst taxonomy generally follows Fensome and Williams (2004), except for Wetzelielloideae, where we follow Bijl et al (2016). Pollen and spore taxonomy follows Harris (1965), Macphail et al (1994), and Stover and Partridge (1973).…”

Section: Palynologymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Both marine (Bijl et al, 2009;Hollis et al, 2009) and terrestrial (Carpenter et al, 2012;Contreras et al, 2014;Macphail et al, 1994) temperature proxy records suggest that the midlatitude to high-latitude southwest Pacific was extremely warm (25-35 • C) during the warmest intervals of the late Paleocene, Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; 56 Ma) and early Eocene, yielding a substantial mismatch between proxy data and climate-model output for this region that is yet unresolved (Hollis et al, 2012). The anomalously high temperatures may have partly resulted from large-scale tectonic changes such as the opening of the Tasmanian Gateway, and it has been hypothesized that this gateway played an important role in diverting ocean currents and influencing climate on a regional scale (Bijl et al, 2013a;Sijp et al, 2016Sijp et al, , 2014Sijp et al, , 2011 and beyond (e.g., Kennett, 1977).…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of the Paleocene–Eocene boundary in coastal strata in the Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia

Frieling

Huurdeman

Rem

et al. 2018

J. Micropalaeontol.

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Abstract. Detailed, stratigraphically well-constrained environmental reconstructions are available for Paleocene and Eocene strata at a range of sites in the southwest Pacific Ocean (New Zealand and East Tasman Plateau; ETP) and Integrated Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1356 in the south of the Australo-Antarctic Gulf (AAG). These reconstructions have revealed a large discrepancy between temperature proxy data and climate models in this region, suggesting a crucial error in model, proxy data or both. To resolve the origin of this discrepancy, detailed reconstructions are needed from both sides of the Tasmanian Gateway. Paleocene-Eocene sedimentary archives from the west of the Tasmanian Gateway have unfortunately remained scarce (only IODP Site U1356), and no well-dated successions are available for the northern sector of the AAG. Here we present new stratigraphic data for upper Paleocene and lower Eocene strata from the Otway Basin, southeast Australia, on the (north)west side of the Tasmanian Gateway. We analyzed sediments recovered from exploration drilling (Latrobe-1 drill core) and outcrop sampling (Point Margaret) and performed high-resolution carbon isotope geochemistry of bulk organic matter and dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) and pollen biostratigraphy on sediments from the regional lithostratigraphic units, including the Pebble Point Formation, Pember Mudstone and Dilwyn Formation. Pollen and dinocyst assemblages are assigned to previously established Australian pollen and dinocyst zonations and tied to available zonations for the SW Pacific. Based on our dinocyst stratigraphy and previously published planktic foraminifer biostratigraphy, the Pebble Point Formation at Point Margaret is dated to the latest Paleocene. The globally synchronous negative carbon isotope excursion that marks the Paleocene-Eocene boundary is identified within the top part of the Pember Mudstone in the Latrobe-1 borehole and at Point Margaret. However, the high abundances of the dinocyst Apectodinium prior to this negative carbon isotope excursion prohibit a direct correlation of this regional bio-event with the quasi-global Apectodinium acme at the PaleoceneEocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; 56 Ma). Therefore, the first occurrence of the pollen species Spinizonocolpites prominatus and the dinocyst species Florentinia reichartii are here designated as regional markers for the PETM. In the Latrobe-1 drill core, dinocyst biostratigraphy further indicates that the early Eocene (∼ 56-51 Ma) sediments are truncated by a ∼ 10 Myr long hiatus overlain by middle Eocene (∼ 40 Ma) strata. These sedimentary archives from southeast Australia may prove key in resolving the model-data discrepancy in this region, and the new stratigraphic data presented here allow for detailed comparisons between paleoclimate records on both sides of the Tasmanian Gateway.

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Section: Palynologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Paleocene–Eocene boundary in coastal strata in the Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia

Frieling

Huurdeman

Rem

et al. 2018

J. Micropalaeontol.

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“…Morwell and Yallourn Coal Measures of south eastern Australia and Oligocene-Miocene sediments at Little Bay, New South Wales (Blackburn and Sluiter, 1994;Macphail et al, 1994) ( Fig. 3).…”

Section: N Endobalteus As Triporopollenites Endobalteus Was Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Australia, Malvacipollis has first appearances in the Paleocene (Martin, 1974;Macphail, 1994). While the literature, particularly the biostratigraphic literature in the past, includes references to various dispersed pollen taxa of Malvacipollis based on the generalised appearance of the pollen, Malvacipollis subtilis Stover in Stover and Partridge 1973 has been compared with the Picrodendraceae (Martin, 1974;Macphail et al, 1994) and some records have been compared with the Malvaceae (Raine et al, 2011).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the literature, particularly the biostratigraphic literature in the past, includes references to various dispersed pollen taxa of Malvacipollis based on the generalised appearance of the pollen, Malvacipollis subtilis Stover in Stover and Partridge 1973 has been compared with the Picrodendraceae (Martin, 1974;Macphail et al, 1994) and some records have been compared with the Malvaceae (Raine et al, 2011). Blackburn and Sluiter (1994) recorded M. subtilis pollen from the Oligocene-Miocene Morwell and Yallourn series, and they thought this taxon had affinities with modern Austrobuxus sp.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Australian origin for the candle nut (Aleurites, Crotonoideae, Euphorbiaceae) and the fossil record of the Euphorbiaceae and related families in Australia and New Zealand

Rozefelds

Dettmann

Clifford

et al. 2017

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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Identifying fossil Myrtaceae leaves: the first described fossils of Syzygium from Australia

Tarran

Wilson

Paull

et al. 2018

American J of Botany

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Although leaves of Myrtaceae are easily identified to family level, very few studies have convincingly identified fossil Myrtaceae leaves to living genera. We used a broadly comparative approach with a large data set of extant taxa to confidently assign the mummified remains of myrtaceous leaves from early Miocene sediments at Kiandra (New South Wales, Australia) to a living genus. METHODS: Fossils were identified using a nearest living relative approach, against a database of 232 extant broadleaf rainforest species of Myrtaceae. Leaf cuticles were prepared from 106 species, sourced from herbarium specimens as well as some living individuals, and a further 127 records were assembled from the literature. A set of simple but phylogenetically informative cuticular characters were observed, described, and recorded under both scanning electron microscopy and standard light microscopy. KEY RESULTS: A new fossil species of Syzygium Gaertn. is described from mummified remains found in early Miocene (21.5-21.7 Ma) sediments. The fossil taxon is here named Syzygium christophelii sp. nov., in honor of the late Australian paleobotanist David Christophel. CONCLUSIONS: These fossils represent some of the most confidently described Myrtaceae leaf fossils published to date and are the first and oldest described fossil record of Syzygium from Australia. While several fossil parataxa have been illustrated from New Zealand, and several fossil species of Syzygium have previously been proposed in the literature, many of these fossils lack characters for a confident diagnosis.

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Early Tertiary vegetation: evidence from spores and pollen

Abstract: THE CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCHResearch on various aspects of Australian Cretaceous and Cenozoic palaeobotany is proceeding at an all time high. However, not all areas are at the same level of understanding. This is very strongly reflected in this book. Some topics, such

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Identification of the Paleocene–Eocene boundary in coastal strata in the Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia

Identification of the Paleocene–Eocene boundary in coastal strata in the Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia

An Australian origin for the candle nut (Aleurites, Crotonoideae, Euphorbiaceae) and the fossil record of the Euphorbiaceae and related families in Australia and New Zealand

Identifying fossil Myrtaceae leaves: the first described fossils of Syzygium from Australia

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