Early steps in pituitary organogenesis

Sheng, Hua; Westphal, Heiner

doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(99)01742-4

Cited by 139 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) is the earliest secreted signalling molecule, detected at 8 . 5 dpc, followed by a second signal, fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) that activates the key regulatory genes Lhx3 and Lhx4, essential for the development of the pouch rudiment into a definitive pouch structure (Treier & Rosenfeld 1996, Ericson et al 1998, Sheng & Westphal 1999. Signalling molecules from the infundibular area (Bmp4, Fgf8, Fgf4, Nkx2.1, Wnt5a) as well as ventral signals from the oral ectoderm (Sonic Hedgehog, Shh), surrounding mesenchyme (Bmp2, Indian hedgehog IHH, Chordin) and the pouch itself (Bmp2, Wnt4) create a network of signalling gradients that is important for morphogenesis during early pituitary development (Dasen & Rosenfeld 2001).…”

Section: Overview Of Normal Pituitary Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generation of the distinct hormone producing cell types that arise from a common ectodermal primordium and the correct morphogenesis of the gland require the sequential temporal and spatial expression of a cascade of signalling molecules and transcription factors that will eventually dictate organ commitment, cell proliferation, patterning and terminal differentiation (Sheng & Westphal 1999, Scully & Rosenfeld 2002, Zhu et al 2007a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of SOX proteins in normal pituitary development

Alatzoglou¹,

Kelberman²,

Dattani³

2008

Journal of Endocrinology

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Pituitary development is a complex process that depends on the co-ordinated spatial and temporal expression of transcription factors and signalling molecules that culminates in the formation of a complex organ that secretes six hormones from five different cell types. Given the fact that all distinct hormone producing cells arise from a common ectodermal primordium, the patterning, architecture and plasticity of the gland is impressive. Among the transcription factors involved in the early steps of pituitary organogenesis are SOX2 and SOX3, members of the SOX family that are emerging as key players in many developmental processes. Studies in vitro and in vivo in transgenic animal models have helped to elucidate their expression patterns and roles in the developing hypothalamo-pituitary region. It has been demonstrated that they may be involved in pituitary development either directly, through shaping of Rathke's pouch, or indirectly affecting signalling from the diencephalon. Their role has been further underlined by the pleiotropic effects of their mutations in humans that range from isolated hormone deficiencies to panhypopituitarism and developmental abnormalities affecting many organ systems. However, the exact mechanism of action of SOX proteins, their downstream targets and their interplay within the extensive network that regulates pituitary development is still the subject of a growing number of studies. The elucidation of their role is crucial for the understanding of a number of processes that range from developmental mechanisms to disease phenotypes and tumorigenesis.

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Section: Overview Of Normal Pituitary Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of SOX proteins in normal pituitary development

Alatzoglou¹,

Kelberman²,

Dattani³

2008

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The AP arises from the ectoderm of the primitive pharynx known as Rathke's pouch, and is considered a glandular structure, composed of secretory cells (Sheng and Westphal, 1999). PRL is secreted by lactotrophs, and gonadotrophs, somatotrophs, thyrotrophs, and corticotrophs synthesize LH and FSH, GH, TSH, and ACTH, respectively (Laycock, 1983;Perez et al, 1995;Horvath and Kovacs, 1994).…”

Section: Pituitarymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Galactorrhea to Osteopenia: Rethinking Serotonin–Prolactin Interactions

Emiliano

Fudge

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The widespread use of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been accompanied by numerous reports describing a potential association with hyperprolactinemia. Antipsychotics are commonly known to elevate serum prolactin (PRL) through blockade of dopamine receptors in the pituitary. However, there is little awareness of the mechanisms by which SSRIs stimulate PRL release. Hyperprolactinemia may result in overt symptoms such as galactorrhea, which may be accompanied by impaired fertility. Long-term clinical sequelae include decreased bone density and the possibility of an increased risk of breast cancer. Through literature review, we explore the possible pathways involved in serotonin-induced PRL release. While the classic mechanism of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia directly involves dopamine cells in the tuberoinfundibular pathway, SSRIs may act on this system indirectly through GABAergic neurons. Alternate pathways involve serotonin stimulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and oxytocin (OT) release. We conclude with a comprehensive review of clinical sequelae associated with hyperprolactinemia, and the potential role of SSRIs in this phenomenon.

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“…In Drosophila, Isl1 is expressed in motor neurons and required for axonal extension to appropriate targets (Thor and Thomas, 1997). In addition, Isl1 also controls pituitary and pancreas organogenesis (Ahlgren et al, 1997;Sheng and Westphal, 1999). Recently, a key role of Isl1 in development of mouse heart also was reported (Cai et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The LIM/Homeodomain Protein Islet1 Recruits Janus Tyrosine Kinases and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 and Stimulates Their Activities

Hao

Novotny‐Diermayr

Bian

et al. 2005

MBoC

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Islet1 (Isl1) belongs to the LIM homeodomain transcription factor family. Its roles in differentiation of motor neurons and organogenesis of pancreas and heart have been revealed. However, less is known about its regulatory mechanism and the target genes. In this study, we identified interactions between Isl1 and Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK), as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3, but not Stat1 and Stat5, in mammalian cells. We found that Isl1 not only forms a complex with Jak1 and Stat3 but also triggers the tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1 and its kinase activity, thereby elevating the tyrosine phosphorylation, DNA binding activity, and target gene expression of Stat3. In vivo, the tyrosine-

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Early steps in pituitary organogenesis

Cited by 139 publications

References 35 publications

The role of SOX proteins in normal pituitary development

The role of SOX proteins in normal pituitary development

From Galactorrhea to Osteopenia: Rethinking Serotonin–Prolactin Interactions

The LIM/Homeodomain Protein Islet1 Recruits Janus Tyrosine Kinases and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 and Stimulates Their Activities

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