Early spreading and continental to oceanic basement transition beneath the Indus deep-sea fan: northeastern Arabian Sea

Malod, J.; Droz, Laurence; Kemal, Badrul Mustafa; Patriat, P.

doi:10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00074-1

Cited by 69 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Karasik et al (1986, in Mercuriev et al, 1996 and Shreider (1998) interpreted them as the continuation of the Arabian Basin sequence up to A31 or A32 (~69 and ~73 Ma). Conversely, Malod et al (1997) tentatively interpreted them as symmetrical A29r-A29n sequences (~65.6 -64 Ma), with a fossil spreading centre located north of the Palitana Ridge. Krishna et al (2006) accepted their seafloor spreading origin without assigning them any ages.…”

Section: Page 3 Of 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A basement high, ~20 km wide and ~1.5 sec (twt), is observed in the central part of this graben. It has been delineated and named the Palitana Ridge by Malod et al (1997). The basement high located immediately south of the Gop Basin (km 175 to 115) is the Laxmi Ridge while the one to the north (beyond km 35) most likely represents the southern continental margin of Pakistan.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used an average velocity of 2.73 km/s for the sediments to convert the depth to basement from time to depth units throughout the profile. This value was assumed following the empirical formula provided by Malod et al (1997) for the Gop Basin and the sediment velocities provided by Naini and Talwani (1982) for the Arabian Basin. As the velocity information from the recent data of Collier et al (2004aCollier et al ( , 2004b is not available in digital form, we had to rely on the velocities of Naini and Talwani (1982) from stations close to the gravity profile (Fig.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Gravity Anomalies In the Gop Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison is adequate, indeed, as both cases involve slow spreading centres in the vicinity of a major hotspot. The locations and orientations of the spreading centres in the Gop and Laxmi basins were most likely inherited from a past three plate scenario for the separation of Laxmi Ridge from Indian mainland (Malod et al, 1997;Yatheesh, 2007), with the Laxmi Basin fossil spreading centre trending NW-SE, the Gop Basin fossil spreading centre trending E-W, and the inferred aulacogen of the Narmada rift graben (Fig. 1) forming the third arm of the triple junction, akin to the present day scenario of the Afar region.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The Gop Basin can be considered as a sub-basin of the Offshore Indus Basin (Miles et al, 1998;Bhattacharya and Chaubey, 2001), located between the landward boundary of the Laxmi Ridge and the India-Pakistan continental shelf. Malod et al (1997) were the first to delineate the Gop Basin in view of its basement structure and conspicuous magnetic lineations. They observed that the basement of the Gop Basin forms a sediment-filled E-W graben with a prominent central E-W horst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early oceanic opening off Western India–Pakistan margin: The Gop Basin revisited

Yatheesh

Bhattacharya

Dyment

2009

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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The Deccan Traps, one of the best known examples of rapid flood basalt, are considered as marking of the inception of a mantle plume on the Indian continental lithosphere. Their emplacement may be associated with the continental break-up of India and the Seychelles block and later formation of a new spreading centre, the Carlsberg Ridge, while spreading progressively ceased in the Mascarene Basin. Whether rifting, continental break-up, and seafloor spreading predated or were the consequence of the Deccan Traps emplacement is still a matter of debate. This issue is further complicated by the presence of a continental sliver, the Laxmi Ridge, and large basins lying landward of the Laxmi Ridge, such as the Laxmi and Gop basins, where nature of the crust is still ambiguous. The present study attempts to decipher the tectonic setting and the imprints of plume-ridge interaction in the Gop Basin, where the crust has been interpreted as either volcanics-intruded thinned continental crust or oceanic crust formed by a now extinct spreading centre. Based on interpretation of an updated compilation of marine geophysical data, the present study supports the oceanic nature of the crust underlying the Gop Basin and proposes the Palitana Ridge as the extinct spreading centre in this region. The prominent but short sequence of fairly linear magnetic anomalies in the Gop Basin does not allow a unique identification; it can be reasonably explained either as A31r-A25r (~69.3 -56.4 Ma) or as A29r-A25r (~64.8 -56.4 Ma) sequence. The variations of the spreading rates assumed by both these models suggest that spreading in the Gop Basin significantly slowed around 65 Ma, contemporaneous with the magmatic outburst of the Reunion plume on the adjacent western Indian mainland. Subsequently, the Gop Basin spreading centre was waning whereas a new spreading centre was developing further south, close to the (relatively) southward migrating plume. In this last stage, the Gop Basin spreading centre was associated with an abundant magmatism, probably supplied from the plume region.

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Section: Page 3 Of 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interpretation Of Gravity Anomalies In the Gop Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Page 13 Of 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early oceanic opening off Western India–Pakistan margin: The Gop Basin revisited

Yatheesh

Bhattacharya

Dyment

2009

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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The breakup of East Gondwana: Assimilating constraints from Cretaceous ocean basins around India into a best‐fit tectonic model

2013

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Published models for the Cretaceous seafloor‐spreading history of East Gondwana result in unlikely tectonic scenarios for at least one of the plate boundaries involved and/or violate particular constraints from at least one of the associated ocean basins. We link East Gondwana spreading corridors by integrating magnetic and gravity anomaly data from the Enderby Basin off East Antarctica within a regional plate kinematic framework to identify a conjugate series of east‐west‐trending magnetic anomalies, M4 to M0 (~126.7–120.4 Ma). The mid‐ocean ridge that separated Greater India from Australia‐Antarctica propagated from north to south, starting at ~136 Ma northwest of Australia, and reached the southern tip of India at ~126 Ma. Seafloor spreading in the Enderby Basin was abandoned at ~115 Ma, when a ridge jump transferred the Elan Bank and South Kerguelen Plateau to the Antarctic plate. Our revised plate kinematic model helps resolve the problem of successive two‐way strike‐slip motion between Madagascar and India seen in many previously published reconstructions and also suggests that seafloor spreading between them progressed from south to north from 94 to 84 Ma. This timing is essential for tectonic flow lines to match the curved fracture zones of the Wharton and Enderby basins, as Greater India gradually began to unzip from Madagascar from ~100 Ma. In our model, the 85‐East Ridge and Kerguelen Fracture Zone formed as conjugate flanks of a “leaky” transform fault following the ~100 Ma spreading reorganization. Our model also identifies the Afanasy Nikitin Seamounts as products of the Conrad Rise hotspot.

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Mode of opening of an oceanic pull‐apart: The 20°N Basin along the Owen Fracture Zone (NW Indian Ocean)

et al. 2013

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[1] Pull-apart basins are common features observed at releasing bends along major strike-slip faults. The formation and structural evolution of such basins have mostly been investigated in the continental domain and by sandbox laboratory experiments or numerical models. Here we present recently acquired multibeam bathymetry, 3.5 kHz echo sounder, and seismic profiles across the 20°N pull-apart Basin along the India-Arabia transform boundary, known as the Owen Fracture Zone (OFZ). Using nearby oceanic drilling (Deep Sea Drilling Project 222), we constrain the structural evolution of the basin since opening some 3 Myr ago. The 20°N Basin is large (90 km long and 35 km wide) despite limited transcurrent motion (~10 km). The first stage involved the formation of a step over along the OFZ and the subsequent isolation of a subsiding half graben. Extension and subsidence were further partitioned over three distinct subbasins separated by complex sets of transverse faults. The size of the basin was enhanced by gravity-driven collapse. The 20°N Basin has been a catchment for Indus turbidites since its opening, which provide a good record of syn-sedimentary deformation. The deformation related to the subsidence of the half graben mimics rollover structures commonly encountered in salt tectonics, suggesting that subsidence was accommodated by one or several décollement layers at depth. Despite a different rheological context, the subsurface structure of the nascent oceanic 20°N Basin is very similar to the more mature continental Dead Sea Basin along the Levant Fault, which also displays subbasins separated by transverse faults.

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Early spreading and continental to oceanic basement transition beneath the Indus deep-sea fan: northeastern Arabian Sea

Cited by 69 publications

References 21 publications

Early oceanic opening off Western India–Pakistan margin: The Gop Basin revisited

Early oceanic opening off Western India–Pakistan margin: The Gop Basin revisited

The breakup of East Gondwana: Assimilating constraints from Cretaceous ocean basins around India into a best‐fit tectonic model

Mode of opening of an oceanic pull‐apart: The 20°N Basin along the Owen Fracture Zone (NW Indian Ocean)

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