“…Early warning reports and mini-reviews have highlighted the issue of recreational and selfmedicating misuse of these drugs (Kadri et al 2010;Bersini et al 2013;Prilutskaya and Kuliev 2014;Bersini et al 2015). Most commonly reported ophthalmic preparations are those containing anticholinergics, antihistamines, and/or decongestants, such as tropicamide, cyclopentolate, naphazoline, and antazoline (Darcin et al 2011;Wazaify et al 2016;Ponté et al 2017). Other ophthalmic drugs liable for abuse are the topical anaesthetic drugs (TADs), such as proparacaine, lidocaine, benoxinate (oxybuprocaine), cocaine and tetracaine, and topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Rapuano 1990;Flach 2001;Erdem et al 2013;Sharifi et al 2013).…”