Early seral plant species’ interactions with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community are highly variable

Busby, Ryan R.; Gebhart, Dick L.; Stromberger, Mary E.; Meiman, Paul J.; Paschke, Mark W.

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.04.014

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We cannot rule out that types of mycorrhizal fungi differ with the age of a site, as has been found by others using whole soil core plant assays ( Ji et al 2010). Our data agree with other findings that show the rate of mycorrhizal colonization is not necessarily a good predictor of plant growth (Smith et al 1998, Smith et al 2004, Busby et al 2011. However, there was no effect of age on the colonization rate or growth in a later successional species, little bluestem (schizachyrium scoparium).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Biotic and Abiotic Effects of Remnant and Restoration Soils on the Performance of Tallgrass Prairie Species

Faber¹,

Markham²

2012

Ecological Restoration

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Interactions between plants and soil microbes are increasingly recognized as an important component in the functioning of ecosystems. Because these interactions affect and are affected by soil abiotic conditions, restoration efforts must consider the interactions between the plant community, the soil community, and the soil abiotic conditions. We sampled soil from 20 independently restored tallgrass prairies and 8 natural prairie remnants in southern Manitoba. Soils from the restored sites had 4.5 times higher phosphate levels than soils from the remnants. In whole soil assays, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii ) and Culver's root (Veronicastrum virginicum) had significantly greater growth in soil from the remnant sites. A second growth assay using sterile and inoculated soil from a subset of these sites showed that while big bluestem benefited from soil biota on both remnants and restored sites, the effect was twice as strong on the remnant sites. Our results suggest that plants on restored prairies are less reliant on soil microbes due to the higher fertility found within their soils. Our data suggests that like other ecosystems, residual high fertility in tallgrass prairies may facilitate invasion by non-native plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Biotic and Abiotic Effects of Remnant and Restoration Soils on the Performance of Tallgrass Prairie Species

Faber¹,

Markham²

2012

Ecological Restoration

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“…; Busby et al. ). However, generalizing those results to apply broadly to invasive species may be problematic because comparisons included different plant functional groups, which is arguably the most important factor in predicting mycorrhizal effects (Hoeksema et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Busby et al. ). These two invaders reduce the overall abundance of AMF and the root colonization of mycotrophic native plants (Stinson et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Grassland invaders and their mycorrhizal symbionts: a study across climate and invasion gradients

Bunn

Lekberg

Gallagher

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

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Controlled experiments show that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase competitiveness of exotic plants, potentially increasing invasion success. We surveyed AMF abundance and community composition in Centaurea stoebe and Potentilla recta invasions in the western USA to assess whether patterns were consistent with mycorrhizal-mediated invasions. We asked whether (1) AMF abundance and community composition differ between native and exotic forbs, (2) associations between native plants and AMF shift with invading exotic plants, and (3) AMF abundance and/or community composition differ in areas where exotic plants are highly invasive and in areas where they are not. We collected soil and roots from invaded and native forb communities along invasion gradients and in regions with different invasion densities. We used AMF root colonization as a measure of AMF abundance and characterized AMF communities in roots using 454-sequencing of the LSU-rDNA region. All plants were highly colonized (>60%), but exotic forbs tended to be more colonized than natives (P < 0.001). We identified 30 AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across sites, and community composition was best predicted by abiotic factors (soil texture, pH). Two OTUs in the genera Glomus and Rhizophagus dominated in most communities, and their dominance increased with invasion density (r = 0.57, P = 0.010), while overall OTU richness decreased with invasion density (r = −0.61, P = 0.006). Samples along P. recta invasion gradients revealed small and reciprocal shifts in AMF communities with >45% fungal OTUs shared between neighboring native and P. recta plants. Overall, we observed significant, but modest, differences in AMF colonization and communities between co-occurring exotic and native forbs and among exotic forbs across regions that differ in invasion pressure. While experimental manipulations are required to assess functional consequences, the observed patterns are not consistent with those expected from strong mycorrhizal-mediated invasions.

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“…Alternatively, a host that provides greater resources would host an AMF community less dispersed. Bromus is considered a facultative AMF associate and does not receive significant benefits from nor provides significant benefits to AMF (Allen 1984;Busby et al 2011). Artemisia is considered AMF dependent and exhibits high biomass responses to certain AMF species (Lindsey 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community differs between a coexisting native shrub and introduced annual grass

et al. 2012

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been implicated in non-native plant invasion success and persistence. However, few studies have identified the AMF species associating directly with plant invaders, or how these associations differ from those of native plant species. Identifying changes to the AMF community due to plant invasion could yield key plant-AMF interactions necessary for the restoration of native plant communities. This research compared AMF associating with coexisting Bromus tectorum, an invasive annual grass, and Artemisia tridentata, the dominant native shrub in western North America. At three sites, soil and root samples from Bromus and Artemisia were collected. Sporulation was induced using trap cultures, and spores were identified using morphological characteristics. DNA was extracted from root and soil subsamples and amplified. Sequences obtained were aligned and analyzed to compare diversity, composition, and phylogenetic distance between hosts and sites. Richness of AMF species associated with Artemisia in cultures was higher than AMF species associated with Bromus. Gamma diversity was similar and beta diversity was higher in AMF associated with Bromus compared to Artemisia. AMF community composition differed between hosts in both cultures and roots. Two AMF species (Archaeospora trappei and Viscospora viscosum) associated more frequently with Artemisia than Bromus across multiple sites. AMF communities in Bromus roots were more phylogenetically dispersed than in Artemisia roots, indicating a greater competition for resources within the invasive grass. Bromus associated with an AMF community that differed from Artemisia in a number of ways, and these changes could restrict native plant establishment.

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Early seral plant species’ interactions with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community are highly variable

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Biotic and Abiotic Effects of Remnant and Restoration Soils on the Performance of Tallgrass Prairie Species

Biotic and Abiotic Effects of Remnant and Restoration Soils on the Performance of Tallgrass Prairie Species

Grassland invaders and their mycorrhizal symbionts: a study across climate and invasion gradients

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community differs between a coexisting native shrub and introduced annual grass

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