Early screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Yue, Yuan; Ye, Fei; Wu, Jianhui; Fu, Xin; Huang, Zhongxi; Zhang, Tao

doi:10.1002/hed.27466

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…In a recent review by Yuan et al, EBV detection in nasopharyngeal swabs as an additional test for EBV serology in high-risk individuals reduced the number of candidates for close follow-up. This method achieved a 40% improvement relative to serological examination alone [ 124 ]. However, the PPV remained low.…”

Section: Early Diagnosis Of Npcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Assessing the Clinical Implications of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Their Application to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Yoshizaki,

Kondo,

Dochi

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Reports about the oncogenic mechanisms underlying nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have been accumulating since the discovery of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in NPC cells. EBV is the primary causative agent of NPC. EBV–host and tumor–immune system interactions underlie the unique representative pathology of NPC, which is an undifferentiated cancer cell with extensive lymphocyte infiltration. Recent advances in the understanding of immune evasion and checkpoints have changed the treatment of NPC in clinical settings. The main EBV genes involved in NPC are LMP1, which is the primary EBV oncogene, and BZLF1, which induces the lytic phase of EBV. These two multifunctional genes affect host cell behavior, including the tumor–immune microenvironment and EBV behavior. Latent infections, elevated concentrations of the anti-EBV antibody and plasma EBV DNA have been used as biomarkers of EBV-associated NPC. The massive infiltration of lymphocytes in the stroma suggests the immunogenic characteristics of NPC as a virus-infected tumor and, at the same time, also indicates the presence of a sophisticated immunosuppressive system within NPC tumors. In fact, immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in improving the prognosis of NPC patients with recurrent and metastatic disease. However, patients with advanced NPC still require invasive treatments. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop an effective screening system for early-stage detection of NPC in patients. Various modalities, such as nasopharyngeal cytology, cell-free DNA methylation, and deep learning-assisted nasopharyngeal endoscopy for screening and diagnosis, have been introduced. Each modality has its advantages and disadvantages. A reciprocal combination of these modalities will improve screening and early diagnosis of NPC.

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Section: Early Diagnosis Of Npcmentioning

confidence: 99%