Early Retirement Among Men in Britain and Germany: How Important is Health?

Roberts, Jennifer; Rice, Nigel; Jones, Andrew M.

doi:10.1057/gpp.2010.24

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Economic incentives and economic policy are previously well-known factors to pull or push older workers to retire or extend working life (10,13,14,22,26,(30)(31)(32)(33). Compared with the other areas examined in this study, this seemed to be the most important factor for older workers when planning retirement and whether they believe they can and want to work until 65 years or beyond.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Good physique, mental health, and work ability are often reported to be very important factors for whether people are able to continue their working life or take sick leave or some form of retirement (10,11,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Health has been called a key determinant of early retirement (30).Another factor often described in earlier retirement studies is economic: personal finances and retirement incentives (eg, incentives that keep employees in the workforce through poverty or pull them into retirement and make it possible to stop working through economic well-being) (10,13,14,22,26,(30)(31)(32)(33).Poor physical work environment and arduous work conditions leave people worn out and push them to leave working life early (15,21,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39). Some studies have shown that older workers seem to need more time to rest, and highlight moderate working pace and working time as being very important for the older workforce (1,10,11,23,26,38).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Another factor often described in earlier retirement studies is economic: personal finances and retirement incentives (eg, incentives that keep employees in the workforce through poverty or pull them into retirement and make it possible to stop working through economic well-being) (10,13,14,22,26,(30)(31)(32)(33).…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing the decision to extend working life or retire

Nilsson¹,

Rignell-Hydbom²,

Rylander³

2011

Scand J Work Environ Health

123

170

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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate factors within nine identified areas that influence why some older workers want to (or believe they can) work until age 65 years or beyond, whereas others leave the workforce earlier. MethodsThe questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study included 1792 respondents aged 55-64 years, employed in the healthcare sector in Sweden. Using logistic regression, we investigated the associations between statements within nine areas and two outcome measures: (i) whether the individual wanted to work until age 65 years or beyond and (ii) whether the individual believed they can work until age 65 years or beyond. ResultsOf the 1792 respondents, 54% stated that they "can" and 38% that they "want to" work until age 65 years or beyond. Three areas were significantly associated with both these outcomes: worker health, economic incentives, and retirement decisions by life partners or close friends. Mental and physical working environment, work pace and skills/competence were associated with the "can" outcome, whereas work as an important part of life, working time, and management attitude to older workers were associated with the "want to" outcome. ConclusionAlthough there were differences regarding the associations between six of the areas and the two outcomes (ie, "can" and "want to" go on working until age 65 years or beyond), three of the areas were important to both outcomes. Among those, it was interesting that life partner or close social environment gave higher odds ratios than for example health, physical work environment, or work satisfaction.Key terms employee; motivation; older worker; organization; retirement; work ability; work environment. In most of the industrial world, the fraction of older people is continuously increasing (1). A work session on demographic projections in Lisbon in 2010 stated that current demographic trends, characterized by low fertility and increasing longevity and leading to an ageing population, have economic and budgetary implications (2). A consequence analysis carried out by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) compared the elderly boom to the social effect arising from natural disasters (3). In the OECD countries, it is estimated that 29% of men and 34% of women will be ≥60 years in 2050, compared with 15% of men and 20% of women in 2000 (4). In the EU25 (European Union of 25 members), more than 33% of men and 38% of women are estimated to be ≥60 years in 2050, up from 18% of men and 24% of women in 2000 (4). The demographic situation is similar in most of the Western world and in the Nordic countries, as illustrated by the following predicted figures for men and women, respectively, in 2050: USA 24% and 28%; Sweden 28% and 30%; Finland 31% and 35%; Germany 34% and 39% (4).The demographic change will result in an increased old age dependency ratio when fewer in the workforce have to provide for more elderly people. For the EU27, the old age dependency ratio is expected to rise from 25% in 2008 to 38% in 2030. In ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing the decision to extend working life or retire

Nilsson¹,

Rignell-Hydbom²,

Rylander³

2011

Scand J Work Environ Health

123

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, personal factors (such as health and economic well-being) and environmental factors (such as work characteristics and leisure interest) both influence retirement planning and related decisions (Beehr, 1986;Ilmarinen, 2006;. Some factors seem to "pull" or "push" older workers to leave the workforce, whereas others influence them to stay in the workforce (Beehr, 1986;Cobb-Clark & Stillman, 2009;Roberts et al, 2010;Stattin, 1998). Ageing and old age retirement from working life is a complex research question and can be studied in three theoretical levels: macro, meso and/or micro level.…”

Section: Retirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Work or not to Work in an Extended Working Life

Nilsson

2010

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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In most of the industrialised world, the proportion of older and retired people in the population is continuously increasing. This will have budgetary implications for maintaining the welfare state, because the active working section of the population must fund the non-active and old population. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to obtain knowledge about older workers' work and life situation in association with their planning and decision to retire from working life. Method: The thesis includes one qualitative and three quantitative studies conducted in Sweden. Result: Self-rated health was found to be a better measure than diagnosed disease of whether older workers believed they could work until 65 years or beyond. Health seems not to be a general impediment to working in old age if older workers are satisfied with their work situation and have enough time and opportunities to recover from fatigue. In one of Sweden's most hazardous work environments, older workers were not injured significantly more often than younger workers. Good mental and physical work environment, moderate working pace and working time, and the right competence and possibility for skills development were factors determining whether older workers believed they can extend their working life. Attitude to older workers in the organisation, motivation and work satisfaction were factors determining whether older workers want to extend working life. Health, personal economic incentives, family/leisure pursuits and attitude to pension in society affected both whether people believed they can and wanted to extend their working life. In their final retirement decision, older workers considered: i) their possibility to balance and adapt functional ageing and health to a sustainable work situation; ii) their economic situation; iii) possibilities for social inclusion and coherence; iv) and possibilities for meaningful activities. Whether these requirements were best fulfilled in or outside working life determined the decision to continue working or to retire. Conclusion: If it is desirable for society that people will to extend their working life, both the "can work" and the "want to work" factors need to be met. It is important to provide a good fit inside working life. This requires a focus not only on older workers, but also on organisations and managers in order to provide incentives that keep older workers in the work force. Keywords: ageing, older worker, retirement planning, retirement decision, motivation, meaningful activity, social inclusion, macro, meso, micro, work environment, working life, work ability, work injury, health, public health, diagnosed disease, self-rated health, organisation, basic premises for work, hardware in work, software in work Sammanfattning Antalet äldre i befolkningen ökar i förhållande till andra åldersgrupper. Detta beskrivs medföra en ekonomisk utmaning för samhället och att fler äldre behöver skjuta upp sin ålderspension.Avhandlingen bygger på fyra studier med det övergripande syftet att bidra t...

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Subjective employment perspective among older workers with and without migrant background in Germany—Results of the lidA cohort study

Schröder

Hasselhorn

Prel

et al. 2020

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the subjective employment perspective in higher working age for different employee groups with migrant background (EMB) and without (non‐EMB), meaning willing, being able, and planning to work until the individual state pension age (iSPA). Methods A representative sample of socially insured employees born in 1959 or 1965 was surveyed in 2011, 2014, and 2018 with computer‐assisted personal interviews. The current cross‐sectional analysis is based on data from the third study wave (n = 3286) of the lidA cohort study. EMB were differentiated via generation (first generation, G1, vs second generation, G2) or nationality (German vs foreign). Applying bivariate statistics with the tests of independence and block‐wise logistic regressions, group differences were investigated. Sex, age, educational level, net household income, health, and work factors were considered as covariates. Results When comparing subgroups of EMB, significant differences appeared in bivariate analyses for willing and planning to work. G1 were to a higher degree planning to work longer than G2 and those with foreign nationality were more willing and planning than those with German nationality. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences of G1 and non‐EMB for planning, being significant in the fully adjusted model, but not for willing. Conclusion The findings underline the need for differentiation of migrant groups in social research and policy. When it comes to extended working lives, the first‐generation migrant group, as well as foreigners may constitute risk groups and require increased attention from a work, health, and economic point of view.

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Early Retirement Among Men in Britain and Germany: How Important is Health?

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Factors influencing the decision to extend working life or retire

Factors influencing the decision to extend working life or retire

To Work or not to Work in an Extended Working Life

Subjective employment perspective among older workers with and without migrant background in Germany—Results of the lidA cohort study

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