Early response to the effect of iron fortification in the Venezuelan population

Layrisse, Miguel; Chaves, J F; Mendez-Castellano,; Bosch, Virgilio; Tropper, Eleonora; Bastardo, B; González, Eglis

doi:10.1093/ajcn/64.6.903

Cited by 112 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In India, after double fortification of salt with iodine and iron, it was not possible to show a clear impact in reducing anaemia (Sivakumar et al, 2001). On the other hand, successful iron fortification interventions have been conducted in Morocco (Zimmermann et al, 2004), Vietnam (Thuy et al, 2003;Van Thuy et al, 2005), Chile (Hertrampf et al, 1990;Walter et al, 1993), Ghana (Lartey et al, 1999), Venezuela (Layrisse et al, 1996), Guatemala (Viteri et al, 1995) and India (Ballot et al, 1989). However, with a few exceptions the majority of these successful interventions have actually also included encapsulation (Zimmermann et al, 2004) or dietary bioavailability improvements, in the form of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (Ballot et al, 1989;Viteri et al, 1995;Thuy et al, 2003;Van Thuy et al, 2005), fish powder (Lartey et al, 1999) or/and ascorbic acid (Hertrampf et al, 1990;Walter et al, 1993) as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But since no large-scale iron-fortification interventions have been evaluated for effectiveness, few data are available to show the efficacy of iron-fortification interventions in improving iron status (INACG, 2004). Studies of the effects of smaller iron-fortification interventions on iron status in developing countries where fortification has been the only measure taken have been controversial and not completely successful (Layrisse et al, 1996;Sivakumar et al, 2001). Together with observations showing that low iron bioavailability diets can be a cause of iron deficiency anaemia (Zimmermann et al, 2005), this suggests that the bioavailability aspect must also be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of bioavailability of dietary iron in relation to the expected effect from iron fortification

2007

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Background:The most common method of combating iron deficiency is iron fortification, especially in developing countries. However, few studies have shown a significant effect on iron status following iron fortification of low bioavailability diets. Objective: To investigate how iron fortification and dietary modifications affect iron absorption and rates of changes in iron stores. Methods: Research has made it possible to predict both iron absorption and the effects of iron fortification and diet modifications on iron stores using recently developed algorithms. Iron absorption and rate of change in iron stores were calculated from nine diets representing a broad range of iron bioavailability and iron contents. The calculations were related to the main target group for iron fortification, that is, women of reproductive age having empty stores but normal haemoglobin concentrations. Results: As the only measure, iron fortification has practically no effect on iron status if the original diet has low bioavailability. However, after dietary modifications such a diet shows a positive effect on iron stores. The combined action of fortification (6 mg/day) and modest bioavailability changes in a low bioavailability diet results approximately in 40 and 70% greater increases in iron stores than through iron fortification or dietary modification alone. Conclusions: It is difficult to achieve good effects on iron status from iron fortification as the only measure if the diet has low bioavailability. Both dietary modifications as well as iron fortification are required to improve effectively the iron status of a population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of bioavailability of dietary iron in relation to the expected effect from iron fortification

2007

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“…This finding is in agreement with results reported by ref [44,9], where bioavailability of ferrous fumarate used for food fortification was found to be affected negatively by food inhibitors. In addition, NaFeEDTA was reported to enhance iron absorption and bioavailability from a meal of low iron bioavailability [45,46,47]. This characterstic of NaFeEDTA may have also contributed to the increase in HME from NaFeEDTA containing chick feed.…”

Section: Bioavailability Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Bioavailability, Storability and Sensory Evaluation of Iron Fortified Extruded Snacks Intended to Alleviate Iron Deficiency in Indian Children

Gaur

Visvanathan²

2015

IJNFS

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Abstract:Iron deficiency is one of the major health problems in India and is significantly affecting the growth and development of children. The mid day meals offered as an intervention to improve nutritional standards could not fulfill daily iron requirements of children. Iron fortified snack products were developed to supplement these daily meals, by extrusion cooking of nutritional orphan crop finger millet added with fortifying agents NaFeEDTA (sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate) or ferrous fumarate and aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn); as a source of ascorbic acid. The extrusion variables were optimized at moisture 18%, barrel temperature 115°C, screw speed 260 rpm and addition of cassava at the rate of 30 %, based on the expansion ratio. Iron bioavailability from products was assessed in terms of Haemoglobin Maintenance Efficiency (HME) through Haemoglobin regeneration assay in chicks. Overall HME was significantly different (p < 0.05) for feed fortified with ferrous fumarate (28.66 %), feed fortified with NaFeEDTA (35.26 %), and feed without fortificant (19.15%). Addition of aonla powder to chick feed significantly improved the HME in case of ferrous fumarate whereas, showed no significant effect in the case of NaFeEDTA and feeds without fortificant. Storage stability was evaluated on the basis of density, hardness, and sensory characteristics for both fresh and stored samples. Samples were fried, dusted with spice mix and were packed for storage studies in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and aluminium foil packaging material, with or without nitrogen flushing. In conclusion, products fortified with NaFeEDTA and packed in aluminium foil with nitrogen flushing were found optimal in terms of iron bioavailability, storability and consumer acceptability.

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“…1 Several studies have demonstrated that in children, especially those under the age of five, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is related, among other alterations, to low scores in mental development and motor activity tests, a fact that may lead to irreversible sequelae even in the presence of adequate treatment. 2,3 Despite the lack of comprehensive national studies, regional data have shown a substantial increase in the prevalence of anemia in Brazil, with this increase being observed among both males and females, from all age groups and all socioeconomic levels of the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatores associados a anemia por deficiência de ferro em crianças pré-escolares brasileiras

Nogueira‐de‐Almeida¹,

Ricco²,

Ciampo³

et al. 2004

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar fatores determinantes de anemia e deficiência de ferro em crianças das duas creches da cidade de Pontal, sudeste do Brasil.Métodos: Estudo transversal foi realizado avaliando-se 192 crianças com idades entre 12 e 72 meses. Dados pessoais (idade, sexo, uso de ferro medicamentoso, duração do aleitamento materno, tipo de parto, cuidados pré-natais, peso e estatura) e dados sócio-econômicos (número de co-habitantes, escolaridade dos pais e renda per capita familiar) foram obtidos e correlacionados com hemoglobina, receptores de transferrina, ferritina e anemia ferropriva.Resultados: A idade foi a variável mais afetada pelo estado nutricional de ferro, correlacionando-se com maiores valores de hemoglobina e ferritina e menores valores de receptor de tranferrina, sendo que menos anemia ferropriva foi detectada quanto maior a idade. As outras variáveis estudadas não apresentaram correlação com o estado nutricional de ferro.Conclusão: Os dados sugerem que as estratégias de controle para essa população de crianças pré-escolares devem ser direcionadas especialmente para aquelas de menor idade. AbstractObjective: To examine the determining factors of anemia and iron deficiency in children attending two day care centers in the town of Pontal, southeast of Brazil.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in 192 children aged 12 to 72 months. Personal data (age, sex, use of medicinal iron supplements, duration of breast-feeding, type of delivery, prenatal care, weight, and height), and socioeconomic data (number of coinhabitants, parental schooling, and per capita family income) were obtained and evaluated together with hemoglobin, serum transferrin receptor, ferritin, and iron deficiency anemia.Results: Age was the variable that most affected iron nutritional status, with higher hemoglobin values, lower transferrin receptor concentrations, higher ferritin values and lower iron deficiency anemia being detected with increasing age. The other studied variables did not show any correlation with iron nutritional status. Conclusion:The obtained data suggest that control strategies for this preschool population should be especially directed at younger children.

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Early response to the effect of iron fortification in the Venezuelan population

Cited by 112 publications

References 14 publications

The importance of bioavailability of dietary iron in relation to the expected effect from iron fortification

The importance of bioavailability of dietary iron in relation to the expected effect from iron fortification

Iron Bioavailability, Storability and Sensory Evaluation of Iron Fortified Extruded Snacks Intended to Alleviate Iron Deficiency in Indian Children

Fatores associados a anemia por deficiência de ferro em crianças pré-escolares brasileiras

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