Early recognition of children with autism: A study of first birthday home videotapes

Osterling, Julie; Dawson, Geraldine

doi:10.1007/bf02172225

Cited by 1,048 publications

(715 citation statements)

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“…Some have hypothesized that altered perception and sensory-motor processing may, in fact, be at the root of altered social behaviors [5,25,92,122]. This idea may be further supported by studies showing that early multi-modal sensorimotor stimulation can ameliorate core deficits in children with autism [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling early cortical serotonergic deficits in autism

Boylan

Blue

Höhmann

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

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Autism is a developmental brain disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, language and behavior. Brain imaging studies demonstrate increased cerebral cortical volumes and micro-and macroscopic neuroanatomic changes in children with this disorder. Alterations in forebrain serotonergic function may underlie the neuroanatomic and behavioral features of autism. Serotonin is involved in neuronal growth and plasticity and these actions are likely mediated via serotonergic and glutamatergic receptors. Few animal models of autism have been described that replicate both etiology and pathophysiology. We report here on a selective serotonin (5-HT) depletion model of this disorder in neonatal mice that mimics neurochemical and structural changes in cortex and, in addition, displays a behavioral phenotype consistent with autism. Newborn male and female mice were depleted of forebrain 5-HT with injections of the serotonergic neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), into the bilateral medial forebrain bundle (mfb). Behavioral testing of these animals as adults revealed alterations in social, sensory and stereotypic behaviors. Lesioned mice showed significantly increased cortical width. Serotonin immunocytochemistry showed a dramatic long-lasting depletion of 5-HT containing fibers in cerebral cortex until postnatal day (PND) 60. Autoradiographic binding to high affinity 5-HT transporters was significantly but transiently reduced in cerebral cortex of 5,7-DHT-depleted mice. AMPA glutamate receptor binding was decreased at PND 15. We hypothesize that increased cerebral cortical volume and sensorimotor, cognitive and social deficits observed in both 5-HT-depleted animals and in individuals with autism, may be the result of deficiencies in timely axonal pruning to key cerebral cortical areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this trend was not statistically significant for the group. Fine motor deficits are also a hallmark of autism [69,73,85,91,92,104,113,120].…”

Section: General Neurologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling early cortical serotonergic deficits in autism

Boylan

Blue

Höhmann

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…Despite this heterogeneity, problems with social and emotional reciprocity are considered a hallmark of ASD. Preliminary indications may appear as early as the first year of life, including anomalies in mutual gaze, a lack of interest in the human face, and preference for inanimate objects [18,[21][22][23][24].…”

Section: What Is Autism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism and the development of face processing

Golarai

Grill-Spector

Reiss

2006

Clinical Neuroscience Research

154

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Autism is a pervasive developmental condition, characterized by impairments in non-verbal communication, social relationships and stereotypical patterns of behavior. A large body of evidence suggests that several aspects of face processing are impaired in autism, including anomalies in gaze processing, memory for facial identity and recognition of facial expressions of emotion. In search of neural markers of anomalous face processing in autism, much interest has focused on a network of brain regions that are implicated in social cognition and face processing. In this review, we will focus on three such regions, namely the STS for its role in processing gaze and facial movements, the FFA in face detection and identification and the amygdala in processing facial expressions of emotion. Much evidence suggests that a better understanding of the normal development of these specialized regions is essential for discovering the neural bases of face processing anomalies in autism. Thus, we will also examine the available literature on the normal development of face processing. Key unknowns in this research area are the neuro-developmental processes, the role of experience and the interactions among components of the face processing system in shaping each of the specialized regions for processing faces during normal development and in autism. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease.

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“…Kanner (1943) first noted that individuals with ASD fail to make appropriate eye contact and attend to faces. In young children, failure to attend to faces is a distinguishing feature and an indicator of ASD (Osterling and Dawson 1994). Reduced eye contact is a diagnostic marker of ASD (American Psychological Association 1994) and is often one of the first concerns among parents of children with ASD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Face Familiarity in Eye Tracking of Faces by Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Sterling

Dawson

Murias

et al. 2008

J Autism Dev Disord

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It has been shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate normal activation in the fusiform gyrus when viewing familiar, but not unfamiliar faces. The current study utilized eye tracking to investigate patterns of attention underlying familiar versus unfamiliar face processing in ASD. Eye movements of 18 typically developing participants and 17 individuals with ASD were recorded while passively viewing three face categories: unfamiliar non-repeating faces, a repeating highly familiar face, and a repeating previously unfamiliar face. Results suggest that individuals with ASD do not exhibit more normative gaze patterns when viewing familiar faces. A second task assessed facial recognition accuracy and response time for familiar and novel faces. The groups did not differ on accuracy or reaction times.

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Early recognition of children with autism: A study of first birthday home videotapes

Cited by 1,048 publications

References 10 publications

Modeling early cortical serotonergic deficits in autism

Modeling early cortical serotonergic deficits in autism

Autism and the development of face processing

The Role of Face Familiarity in Eye Tracking of Faces by Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

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