Early Pulmonary Cytokine Responses to Zinc Oxide Fume Inhalation

Kuschner, Ware G.; D’Alessandro, Alessandra; Wong, Hofer; Blanc, Paul D.

doi:10.1006/enrs.1997.3765

Cited by 100 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Zinc appears to be more soluble in the acidic milieu of lysosomes of macrophages and epithelial cells than in water, with a retention half-time of approximately 6 hours in animal models, whereas carbon particles are less soluble (20)(21)(22). It thus seems possible that, whereas ultrafine carbon particles can pass intact from the lungs into the systemic circulation, deposited zinc oxide particles may be less likely to do so (28)(29)(30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Inhaled Ultrafine versus Fine Zinc Oxide Particles in Healthy Adults

Beckett

Chalupa

Pauly-Brown

et al. 2005

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

149

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Rationale: Zinc oxide is a common, biologically active constituent of particulate air pollution as well as a workplace toxin. Ultrafine particles (Ͻ 0.1 m diameter) are believed to be more potent than an equal mass of inhaled accumulation mode particles (0.1-1.0 m diameter). Objectives: We compared exposure-response relationships for respiratory, hematologic, and cardiovascular endpoints between ultrafine and accumulation mode zinc oxide particles. Methods: In a human inhalation study, 12 healthy adults inhaled 500 g/m 3 of ultrafine zinc oxide, the same mass of fine zinc oxide, and filtered air while at rest for 2 hours. Measurements and Main Results: Preexposure and follow-up studies of symptoms, leukocyte surface markers, hemostasis, and cardiac electrophysiology were conducted to 24 hours post-exposure. Induced sputum was sampled 24 hours after exposure. No differences were detected between any of the three exposure conditions at this level of exposure. Conclusions: Freshly generated zinc oxide in the fine or ultrafine fractions inhaled by healthy subjects at rest at a concentration of 500 g/m 3 for 2 hours is below the threshold for acute systemic effects as detected by these endpoints.Keywords: air pollution; metal fume fever; particulate matter, ultrafine; zinc Ambient air pollution particles occur in three major size distributions. Common combustion processes generate some primary ultrafine particles (Ͻ 0.1 m diameter), which can rapidly coalesce into larger accumulation mode particles (0.1-1.0 m diameter). The third fraction is the coarse mode particles, from 1 to 100 m in diameter, which are often generated by mechanical breakdown of the earth's crustal minerals. A given mass of ultrafine particles has a markedly higher ratio of total surface area to weight than does the same mass of accumulation mode particles. In experimental animals, inhaled ultrafine particles exhibit greater lung inflammatory and systemic activity than an equal mass of larger particles, and these particles may also have greater effects in adult human subjects (1-3). With ambient particle air pollution exposure, certain respiratory effects have been more closely associated with the number of ultrafine particles than with the total mass of particle exposure (4).Zinc is a common element in the earth's crust and an essential mineral in human nutrition. Zinc oxide may be found in ambient air particles from combustion sources (5-7), and it is generated in high concentrations in industrial processes, such as brass founding and welding or cutting galvanized sheet metal. Actual exposures of welders and others depend on the conditions in the workplace, but the permissible exposure limit for occupational exposure to zinc oxide in the United States is 5.0 mg/m 3 respirable dust. Zinc is one of several transition metals that have been proposed to contribute to the biological activity of ambient combustion particles. Freshly generated zinc oxide causes a selflimited, febrile, and inflammatory response known as metal fume fever, subtle findings ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Inhaled Ultrafine versus Fine Zinc Oxide Particles in Healthy Adults

Beckett

Chalupa

Pauly-Brown

et al. 2005

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

149

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“…Wyniki badań BAL i krwi obwodowej ochotników narażonych na tlenek cynku wykazały, że zmianom zapalnym w płucach towarzyszy uwalnianie substancji bioaktywnych -mediatorów prozapalnych, w tym interleukiny 6 (IL-6) [16,21,27,28]. Toczy się dyskusja, który z mediatorów odgrywa ważniejszą rolę w patogenezie GM -czynnik martwicy nowotworu (tumor necrosis factor -TNF) [27,30] czy IL-6 [16].…”

Section: Skutki Narażeniaunclassified

Health hazards resulting from exposure to zinc and its inorganic compounds in industry

Pakulska

Czerczak

2017

Med Pr

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StreszczenieW artykule omówiono zagrożenia zdrowotne wynikające z narażenia na cynk i jego związki nieorganiczne w przemyśle. Główny-mi źródłami narażenia na cynk są dymy powstające w procesach termicznych i chemicznych, głównie dymy tlenku cynku uwalniane w wyniku natychmiastowego utleniania par metalicznego cynku podczas procesów wysokotemperaturowych. W mniejszym stopniu źródłem narażenia jest emisja pyłów powstających podczas mechanicznej obróbki galwanizowanej stali, jak również podczas produkcji i procesów przemysłowych z użyciem binarnych stopów cynku. Uznaje się, że za skutki zdrowotne narażenia na pył cynkowy oraz pyły i/lub dymy większości związków cynku odpowiedzialny jest cynk, a ich szkodliwość jest uzależniona m.in. od stopnia rozdrobnienia cząstek zawieszonych w powietrzu. Ponieważ skutki narażenia zależą od rozmiaru cząstek, wartości dopuszczalnych poziomów narażenia zawodowego zaczęto ustalać oddzielnie dla frakcji respirabilnej i wdychalnej. Uznano, że skutkiem krytycznym narażenia zawodowego na frakcję respirabilną cynku i jego związków nieorganicznych jest "gorączka metaliczna", która występuje głównie jako skutek ostrego narażenia i nie pozostawia następstw długotrwałych, a w narażeniu przewlekłym występuje jako efekt związany z nawrotami objawów zatrucia ostrego. Za skutki krytyczne narażenia na frakcję wdychalną uważa się zaburzenia czynnościowe płuc i objawy astmatyczne. W przypadku związków o działaniu żrącym (np. dichlorku cynku) zagrożenia zdrowotne wynikają głównie z działania żrącego. Ze względu na ograniczoną wartość dostępnych danych nie jest możliwa ocena rakotwórczości, wpływu na rozrodczość i działania teratogennego cynku i jego związków nieorganicznych. Celem artykułu była analiza najważniejszych zagrożeń zdrowotnych wynikających z zawodowego narażenia na cynk i jego związki nieorganiczne w kontekście ich właściwości fizykochemicznych, szerokiego spektrum zastosowań oraz danych dotyczących narażenia zawodowego. Med. Pr. 2017;68(6):779-794 Słowa kluczowe: cynk, zagrożenia zdrowotne, zastosowanie, związki cynku, odległe skutki narażenia, wartości dopuszczalnych stężeń AbstractThis article deals with health risks resulting from exposure to zinc and its inorganic compounds in industry. The main source of zinc exposure are fumes generated during thermal and chemical processes, mainly zinc oxide fume formed by immediate oxidation of metallic zinc vapor formed during high-temperature processes, as well as dust generated during the mechanical processing of zinc-containing materials. It is recognized that zinc ions are responsible for health effects of exposure to dust/fumes of the majority of zinc compounds, and the final effect of exposure depends on the degree of dispersion of dusts/fumes suspended in the air. Since the effects of exposure depends on the particle size, occupational exposure limits have began to be established separately for respirable and inhalable fractions. A critical effect of acute exposure to respirable fraction is a "fume fever" which in chronic exposure occurs...

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“…The concentration was ultimately deemed below the level where acute systemic effects occur. In earlier papers, the same research group and another reported observing symptoms of metal fume fever in healthy volunteers exposed to 4.5, 5 and 33 mg/m 3 ZnO dust, which are concentrations above the 2 mg/m 3 TLV for ZnO [67][68][69][70][71]. In these studies, the ZnO particles had average diameters of 300 nm (Fine and Gordon) and 170 nm (Kuschner), the latter having primary particle sizes of 8-40 nm.…”

Section: Controlled Human Volunteer Inhalation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human inhalation exposure to iron oxide particles

2013

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Abstract:In the past decade, many studies have been conducted to determine the health effects induced by exposure to engineered nanomaterials (NMs). Specifically for exposure via inhalation, numerous in vitro and animal in vivo inhalation toxicity studies on several types of NMs have been published. However, these results are not easily extrapolated to judge the effects of inhaling NMs in humans, and few published studies on the human response to inhalation of NMs exist. Given the emergence of more industries utilizing iron oxide nanoparticles as well as more nanomedicine applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), this review presents an overview of the inhalation studies that have been conducted in humans on iron oxides. Both occupational exposure studies on complex iron oxide dusts and fumes, as well as human clinical studies on aerosolized, micron-size iron oxide particles are discussed. Iron oxide particles have not been described to elicit acute inhalation response nor promote lung disease after chronic exposure. The few human clinical studies comparing inhalation of fine and ultrafine metal oxide particles report no acute changes in the health parameters measured. Taken together existing evidence suggests that controlled human exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles, such as SPIONs, could be conducted safely.

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Early Pulmonary Cytokine Responses to Zinc Oxide Fume Inhalation

Cited by 100 publications

References 11 publications

Comparing Inhaled Ultrafine versus Fine Zinc Oxide Particles in Healthy Adults

Comparing Inhaled Ultrafine versus Fine Zinc Oxide Particles in Healthy Adults

Health hazards resulting from exposure to zinc and its inorganic compounds in industry

Human inhalation exposure to iron oxide particles

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