Early pregnancy factor is immunosuppressive

Noonan, Frances P.; Halliday, W. J.; Morton, H. Craig; Clunie, G. J. A.

doi:10.1038/278649a0

Cited by 126 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is found in the blood during the first trimester of pregnancy (Morton et al 1977) and was rapidly recognised as an immunosuppressive factor (Noonan et al 1979). Recombinant human Hsp10 inhibits experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats (Harness et al 2003) and graft versus host disease (Johnson et al 2005).…”

Section: Hsp60mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfolding the relationship between secreted molecular chaperones and macrophage activation states

Henderson

2009

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Over the last 20 years, it has emerged that many molecular chaperones and protein-folding catalysts are secreted from cells and function, somewhat in the manner of cytokines, as pleiotropic signals for a variety of cells, with much attention being focused on the macrophage. During the last decade, it has become clear that macrophages respond to bacterial, protozoal, parasitic and host signals to generate phenotypically distinct states of activation. These activation states have been termed 'classical' and 'alternative' and represent not a simple bifurcation in response to external signals but a range of cellular phenotypes. From an examination of the literature, the hypothesis is propounded that mammalian molecular chaperones are able to induce a wide variety of alternative macrophage activation states, and this may be a system for relating cellular or tissue stress to appropriate macrophage responses to restore homeostatic equilibrium.

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Section: Hsp60mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfolding the relationship between secreted molecular chaperones and macrophage activation states

Henderson

2009

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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“…At present the role which has been proposed for EPF is one of immuno-modulation based upon the ability of EPF to inhibit the expression of an immune response in vivo (Noonan, Halliday, Morton & Clunie, 1979). It has been suggested, therefore, that EPF may prevent the maternal recognition of the alien antigenic status of the embryo (Morton et al, 1976 …”

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confidence: 99%

The appearance and characteristics of early pregnancy factor in the pig

Morton¹,

Morton²,

Ellendorff³

1983

Reproduction

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Summary. The occurrence of early pregnancy factor in the pig has been established by the rosette inhibition test and by the criteria that gel filtration of serum resulted in a number of peaks of activity similar to those observed in other species. In the pig EPF is present virtually to the end of pregnancy, with a biphasic production in which the titres of EPF decline markedly in mid-pregnancy. Free EPF-A appears concurrently with EPF in the first 3 weeks of pregnancy in some but not all pigs. The presence of excess EPF-A has an inhibitory effect in the rosette inhibition test and modifications, including an initial serum dialysis step, have been introduced into the test to take account of this inhibitory effect.

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“…Plasmacytomas are potentially immunogenic as they carry transplantation antigens (16,17). Early studies into the biological function of EPF confirmed its immunosuppressive properties, with EPF shown to suppress cellular immune responses such as the adoptive transfer of contact sensitivity in mice (18). More recent studies by Rolfe et al (18,19) revealed that.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active immunization with EPF suppresses the formation of immune ascites in BALB/c mice

Quinn¹

1991

Immunology & Cell Biology

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Summary The production of early pregnancy factor (EPF) is not confined to pregnancy -EPF has been detected as a product of tumour and transformed cells in vivo and in vitro. In this study, EPF (or an EPF-like substance) was detected also in the serum of BALB/c mice, 7 days after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the mineral oil pristane. Furthermore, EPF was present in serum from mineral oil-induced plasmacytoma-susceptible mice throughout the latent period potentially leading to tumour development, peaking around the time neoplastic cells were identified in ascites. Since mineral oil-induced granuloma is essential to development of immune ascites, involvement of EPF in this process was investigated.Active immunization of BALB/c mice with EPF was shown to suppress the production of immune ascites, induced by multiple i.p. injections of antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Of the mice immunized with EPF (n = 19), only 47% produced ascites, compared with 94% of mice receiving saline or human chorionic gonadotrophin and 100% of mice receiving keyhole limpet haemocyanin. Further investigations revealed that ascites was only produced in mice that maintained free-circulating EPF. These mice displayed the classic mineral oil-induced granuloma covering the tissues of the peritoneum. In contrast, the serum of mice that did not produce ascites tested negative for EPF and the peritonea of these mice were devoid of the oil granuloma. These studies suggest that EPF is involved in the initiation and maintenance of the inflammatory response of the peritoneum to mineral oil.

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Early pregnancy factor is immunosuppressive

Cited by 126 publications

References 14 publications

Unfolding the relationship between secreted molecular chaperones and macrophage activation states

Unfolding the relationship between secreted molecular chaperones and macrophage activation states

The appearance and characteristics of early pregnancy factor in the pig

Active immunization with EPF suppresses the formation of immune ascites in BALB/c mice

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