Early pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography in dairy cattle

Romano, Juan E.; Thompson, James A.; Forrest, D.W.; Westhusin, Mark; Tomaszweski, Michael A.; Kraemer, D.C.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.02.044

Cited by 97 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Early pregnancy diagnosis tests based on CXCL10 and STAT1 mRNA expression on day 15 after oestrous/insemination in the present experiment gave reliable results for pregnancy detection (Se and NPV of 100%, Sp ⩾ 90%, PPV ⩾ 80%). This is similar to results obtained by transrectal ultrasonography on day 20 in sheep (Romano and Christians, 2008), on day 30 in cattle (Romano et al, 2006), and to PSP-B assessment on day 28 in cattle (Romano and Larson, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Interferon stimulated genes as peripheral diagnostic markers of early pregnancy in sheep: a critical assessment

Mauffré

Grimard

Eozénou

et al. 2016

Animal

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We investigated the diagnostic reliability of pregnancy detection using changes in interferon stimulated gene (ISG) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in circulating immune cells in ewes. Two different groups of ewes (an experimental group, experiment 1 and a farm group, experiment 2) were oestrus-synchronized and blood sampled on day 14 (D0 = day of insemination in control animals, experiment 1) and day 15 (experiment 2). Real-time PCR were performed to evaluate the abundance of different ISG mRNAs. In the experimental group, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 29 ewes born and bred in experimental facilities were isolated using a Percoll gradient method. Gene expression for Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 ( CXCL10), Myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 ( MX1) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) mRNA were, respectively, 8.3-fold, 6.1-fold and 2.7-fold higher ( P < 0.001) in pregnant compared with non-pregnant ewes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated from the real-time PCR data demonstrated that a reliable cut-off could be established for CXCL10, MX1 and STAT1. In the farm group of animals, peripheral blood leucocytes of 37 cross-bred multiparous ewes bought from several herds were isolated using the PAXgene ® procedure. This blood sampling procedure is achievable in farms, whereas the Percoll method is not. No significant differences ( P > 0.10) in CXCL10, STAT1, MX1, Myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 2 ( MX2) and ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier ( ISG15) mRNA expression were found between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. The ROC curves and the hierarchical classification generated from the real-time PCR data failed to discriminate between pregnant and non-pregnant animals. In this group of animals, our results show a strong variability in ISG expression patterns: 17% of animals identified as non-pregnant by the five tests were in fact pregnant, only 52% of pregnant animals had at least two positive results (two genes above threshold), whereas up to five positive results (five genes above threshold) were needed to avoid misclassification. In conclusion, this study illustrates the high variability in ISG expression levels in immune circulating cells during early pregnancy and, therefore, highlights the limits of using ISG expression levels in blood samples, collected on PAXgene ® tubes on farms, for early pregnancy detection in sheep.Keywords: interferon stimulated genes, pregnancy diagnosis, early pregnancy, implantation, sheep ImplicationsThis study aimed to investigate the accuracy of gene transcript quantification in blood (interferon stimulated genes (ISG)) as a method of early pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. This method of pregnancy detection is based on a single blood sample, whereas routine pregnancy diagnosis, namely ultrasonography, requires specific equipment and a skilled operator. Our results show a higher variability in ISG expression patterns in animals from commercial herds than from a controlled research station. Consequently, this prevents th...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Interferon stimulated genes as peripheral diagnostic markers of early pregnancy in sheep: a critical assessment

Mauffré

Grimard

Eozénou

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…Pregnancy status and foetal age (in days) was determined by a single investigator (TT), either by transrectal palpation, or transrectal ultrasonography if the stage of pregnancy was judged to be less than 56 days by palpation (Sheldon and Noakes, 2002;Romano et al, 2006;Youngquist, 2007). Ultrasonography was performed using a portable ultrasound machine with a 3.5 -5 MHz linear transducer (CTS900V, Shantou Institute for Ultrasonic Instruments, China).…”

Section: Study Design and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-breeding blood urea nitrogen concentration and reproductive performance of Bonsmara heifers within different management systems

Tshuma

Holm

Fosgate

et al. 2014

Trop Anim Health Prod

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This study investigated the association between pre-breeding blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and reproductive performance of beef heifers within different management systems in South Africa. Bonsmara heifers (n = 369) from five herds with different estimated levels of nitrogen intake during the month prior to the commencement of the breeding season were sampled in November and December 2010 to determine BUN concentrations. Body mass, age, body condition score (BCS) and reproductive tract score (RTS) were recorded at study enrolment. Trans-rectal ultrasound and/or-palpation was performed four to eight weeks after a three-month breeding season to estimate the stage of pregnancy. Days to pregnancy (DTP) was defined as the number of days from the start of the breeding season until the estimated conception date. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards survival analysis were performed to estimate the association of pre-breeding BUN concentration with subsequent pregnancy and DTP respectively. After stratifying for herd and adjusting for age, 2 heifers with relatively higher pre-breeding BUN concentration took longer to become pregnant when compared to those with relatively lower BUN concentration (P = 0.011). In the herd with the highest estimated nitrogen intake (n = 143), heifers with relatively higher BUN were less likely to become pregnant (P = 0.013) and if they did, it was only later during the breeding season (P = 0.017), after adjusting for body mass. These associations were not present in the herd (n = 106) with the lowest estimated nitrogen intake (P > 0.500). It is concluded that Bonsmara heifers with relatively higher pre-breeding BUN concentration, might be at a disadvantage because of this negative impact on reproductive performance, particularly when the production system includes high levels of nitrogen intake.

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“…La palpación rectal y la ecografía transrectal son dos métodos que permiten un diagnóstico inmediato de gestación en vacas (ROMANO et al 2006). Sin embargo, en la práctica, la palpación rectal continúa siendo el método más frecuentemente utilizado por el profesional veterinario de campo para realizar el diagnóstico de preñez (YOUNGQUIST 2006;WARNICK et al 1995;MOMONT 1990.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Correlación entre la estimación de la edad de gestación por palpación rectal y la edad de gestación real en la vaca

González

2017

Rev Colombiana Cienc Anim. RECIA

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ResumenSe determinó la correlación entre la estimación del tiempo de gestación por palpación rectal y el tiempo real de gestación en el ganado bovino. Se seleccionaron 16 fincas y se visitaron cada 8-10 semanas para realizar los diagnósticos de tiempo de gestación. Los datos se obtuvieron de 2.204 vacas; 1.349 fueron cebú comercial y 855 de doble propósito. Los diagnósticos de gestación fueron realizados y por un solo profesional sin conocimiento de las fechas de servicio. El tiempo mínimo de servicio para el diagnóstico de gestación por palpación rectal fue de 30 días, el máximo de 290 días. Se realizó correlación de Pearson entre el tiempo estimado por palpación rectal y el tiempo real de gestación de los animales. El análisis de correlación de Pearson demostró que existe alta correlación entre la estimación de la edad gestacional por palpación rectal y la edad gestacional real de los animales. También se observó una disminución de esta correlación entre 150-240 días y aumentó nuevamente después de los 240 días de gestación. Palabras Clave:Diagnóstico de gestación; palpación rectal; vaca. AbstractThe correlation between the estimated time of gestation by rectal palpation and the actual gestation time in cattle was determined. Sixteen farms were selected and visited every 8-10 weeks to perform the gestation diagnoses. Data were obtained from 2,204 cows; 1,349 were commercial Zebu and 855 dual purpose. The gestation diagnoses were performed and by a single professional without knowledge of the dates of service. The minimum service time for the diagnosis of gestation by rectal palpation was 30 days, the maximum of 290 days. Pearson correlation was performed between the time estimated by rectal palpation and the real time of gestation of the animals. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there is a high correlation between the estimation of gestational age by rectal palpation and the actual gestational age of the animals. A decrease in this correlation was also observed between 150-240 days and increased again after 240 days of gestation.

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Early pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography in dairy cattle

Cited by 97 publications

References 32 publications

Interferon stimulated genes as peripheral diagnostic markers of early pregnancy in sheep: a critical assessment

Interferon stimulated genes as peripheral diagnostic markers of early pregnancy in sheep: a critical assessment

Pre-breeding blood urea nitrogen concentration and reproductive performance of Bonsmara heifers within different management systems

Correlación entre la estimación de la edad de gestación por palpación rectal y la edad de gestación real en la vaca

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