Early pregnancy blood lead levels and the risk of premature rupture of the membranes

Vigeh, Mohsen; Yokoyama, Kazuhito; Shinohara, Atsuko; Afshinrokh, Mohammadreza; Yunesian, Masud

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.05.007

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…found an independent effect on preterm delivery, but not on low birthweight (LBW), in a similarly exposed group of women in South Australia (B-Pb 10.6 μ g/dl). In women who were not exposed to lead by their occupation or by nearby industrial processing, the outcomes have been similarly disparate 8,17–19. As has been discussed previously by Andrews et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Adverse effects of maternal lead levels on birth outcomes in the ALSPAC study: a prospective birth cohort study

Taylor

Golding

Emond

2014

BJOG

111

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ObjectiveTo study the associations of prenatal blood lead levels (B-Pb) with pregnancy outcomes in a large cohort of mother–child pairs in the UK.DesignProspective birth cohort study.SettingAvon area of Bristol, UK.PopulationPregnant women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).MethodsWhole blood samples were collected and analysed by inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry (n = 4285). Data collected on the infants included anthropometric variables and gestational age at delivery. Linear regression models for continuous outcomes and logistic regression models for categorical outcomes were adjusted for covariates including maternal height, smoking, parity, sex of the baby and gestational age.Main outcome measuresBirthweight, head circumference and crown–heel length, preterm delivery and low birthweight.ResultsThe mean blood lead level (B-Pb) was 3.67 ± 1.47 μg/dl. B-Pb ≥ 5 μg/dl significantly increased the risk of preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.00 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.35–3.00) but not of having a low birthweight baby (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.86–2.18) in multivariable binary logistic models. Increasing B-Pb was significantly associated with reductions in birth weight (β −13.23, 95% CI −23.75 to −2.70), head circumference (β −0.04, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.06) and crown–heel length (β −0.05, 95% CI −0.10 to −0.00) in multivariable linear regression models.ConclusionsThere was evidence for adverse effects of maternal B-Pb on the incidence of preterm delivery, birthweight, head circumference and crown–heel length, but not on the incidence of low birthweight, in this group of women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Adverse effects of maternal lead levels on birth outcomes in the ALSPAC study: a prospective birth cohort study

Taylor

Golding

Emond

2014

BJOG

111

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“…According to a study by Kosnett et al [3], it is recommendable for pregnant women to avoid lead exposure that would result in blood lead levels above 5 μg/dL, due to the raised concerns regarding the toxicity of this blood lead concentration. Several studies have associated blood lead levels above 5 μg/dL with miscarriage [19, 20], pregnancy hypertension [12, 21–24, 41], premature delivery [13], premature rupture of the membranes [25], and low birth weight [26, 27]. According to CDC recommendations [28], pregnant women with a current or past BLL ≥5 μg/dL should be assessed for the adequacy of their diet and provided with prenatal vitamins, calcium and iron supplements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in recent years, many studies have focused on the health effects at low levels of lead in blood. Low blood lead concentrations in pregnant women have been associated with miscarriage [19, 20], pregnancy hypertension, or preeclampsia [12, 21–24] premature delivery [13], premature rupture of the membranes [25], and low birth weight [26, 27]. On the other hand, it is considered that lead-related toxicity can occur at levels as low as 5 μg/dL [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between blood lead levels and occupational exposure in a pregnant population

La-Llave-León¹,

Salas-Pacheco²,

Martínez³

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundPregnant women exposed to lead are at risk of suffering reproductive damages, such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, premature delivery and low birth weight. Despite that the workplace offers the greatest potential for lead exposure, there is relatively little information about occupational exposure to lead during pregnancy. This study aims to assess the association between blood lead levels and occupational exposure in pregnant women from Durango, Mexico.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 299 pregnant women. Blood lead was measured in 31 women who worked in jobs where lead is used (exposed group) and 268 who did not work in those places (control group). Chi-square test was applied to compare exposed and control groups with regard to blood lead levels. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Multivariable regression analysis was applied to determine significant predictors of blood lead concentrations in the exposed group.ResultsExposed women had higher blood lead levels than those in the control group (4.00 ± 4.08 μg/dL vs 2.65 ± 1.75 μg/dL, p = 0.002). Furthermore, women in the exposed group had 3.82 times higher probability of having blood lead levels ≥ 5 μg/dL than those in the control group. Wearing of special workwear, changing clothes after work, living near a painting store, printing office, junkyard or rubbish dump, and washing the workwear together with other clothes resulted as significant predictors of elevated blood lead levels in the exposed group.ConclusionsPregnant working women may be at risk of lead poisoning because of occupational and environmental exposure. The risk increases if they do not improve the use of protective equipment and their personal hygiene.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3902-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Because the body burden of lead in smoking mothers is higher than in nonsmoking ones, lead in maternal bones may therefore be mobilized during pregnancy even if the mother has stopped cigarette consumption [5, 11–13]. Elevated blood lead levels of pregnant women can be a risk factor for gestational hypertension/preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, and premature rupture of the fetal membrane (PROM) [14–17]. In addition, low-dose lead exposure in utero may have an adverse effect on birth weight and developmental delays in children [18, 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy Increases Maternal Blood Lead Levels Affecting Neonate Birth Weight

Chełchowska¹,

Ambroszkiewicz²,

Jabłonka-Salach

et al. 2013

Biol Trace Elem Res

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To assess the effect of lead exposure from cigarette smoke on fetal growth, blood lead concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 150 healthy pregnant women. Mean lead concentrations in plasma and whole blood were significantly higher in the smoking group compared with the nonsmoking group in each trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed the highest impact of the number of cigarettes smoked per day for serum lead concentration (β = 0.238; p < 0.05), while in whole blood, it was duration of smoking before conception (β = 0.297; p < 0.001). Birth weight of the smoking mothers' infants was significantly lower (mean ± SEM, 3,192 ± 50.8 and 3,569 ± 49.6 g, respectively; p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with lead levels in plasma (r = −0.38; p < 0.001) and in whole blood (r = −0.27; p < 0.001). Therefore, it is suggested that smoking during pregnancy increases lead concentrations in maternal blood. Fetal exposure to low doses of lead in utero may be a serious risk factor causing lower birth weight.

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Early pregnancy blood lead levels and the risk of premature rupture of the membranes

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Adverse effects of maternal lead levels on birth outcomes in the ALSPAC study: a prospective birth cohort study

Adverse effects of maternal lead levels on birth outcomes in the ALSPAC study: a prospective birth cohort study

The relationship between blood lead levels and occupational exposure in a pregnant population

Tobacco Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy Increases Maternal Blood Lead Levels Affecting Neonate Birth Weight

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