Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the important causes of neonatal respiratory distress and hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Objectives: The current study aimed at identifying the risk factors of TTN in a single tertiary care center. Methods: The current prospective, case-control study was conducted on 180 newborns allocated in the 2 groups of with TTN (n = 90) as the case group, and without TTN (n = 90) as the control group for 1 year from April to March 2015 in a public hospital of Hamadan, Iran. Newborn and mother's information was extracted from their medical records. Diagnosis of TTN was based on clinical and radiological findings, after ruling out other respiratory distress causes. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and P < 0.05 was considered the level of significance.
Results:The raw data analysis of regression factors associated with TTN showed that the risk of TTN was higher in late preterm infants (odds ratio (OR): 6.15; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.17 -11.92, P = 0.001) as well as male newborns (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17 -0.62, P = 0.001), and those born by cesarean (OR: 11.22, 95% CI: 5.33 -23.62, P = 0.001). Moreover, the risk of TTN increased with Apgar score in the first minute (OR: 0.02.95% CI: 0.00 -0.05, P = 0.001) and decreased with the fifth minute (OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00 -0.06, P = 0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the odds of TTN of late preterm newborns was 2.96 times higher than that of term newborns (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.09 -8.04, P = 0.033). Furthermore, with increase in Apgar score in the first minute, the risk of TTN reduced (OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01 -0.07, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Prematurity and Apgar score in the first minute were the risk factors for TTN. Consequently, the risk of TTN can be reduced by the prevention of preterm birth and improvement of perinatal care.Keywords: Transient Tachypnea of Newborn, Risk Factors, Apgar Score
BackgroundTransient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the major causes of neonatal respiratory distress. It is a parenchymal lung disorder created due to delayed absorption of fetal lung fluid. TTN occurs in 1% -3% of the all births; TTN presents in the early hours of life and usually improves within 24 to 72 hours, but some of the affected infants rarely develop sever respiratory distress, which indicate malignant TTN (1-4).Tachypnea is the most common clinical manifestation of the disease, but other symptoms such as cyanosis, nasal flaring, intercostal muscle retraction, and grunting are also observed. In chest X-ray, lung hyperinflation with flattening of the diaphragm, mild cardiomegaly, and prominent pulmonary vascular markings in hilum are also detected. Ultrasonography is introduced recently to diagnose the disease (5). Prematurity and elective cesarean before 39 weeks are the most significant risk factors associated with TTN and other risk factors of the disease include male gender, maternal diabetes, maternal asthma, macrosomia, and pe...