Early Planting Dates Maximize Soybean Yield in Kentucky

Knott, Carrie A.; Herbek, James H.; James, J. P.

doi:10.2134/cftm2018.10.0085

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Decisions based on recommendations given by seed dealers or Extension guides assume average weather. With increased climate variability, there is a need to continually update planting recommendations to improve the decision‐making process (Knott, Herbek, & James, ). Currently there is a knowledge gap regarding maturity selection when planting is delayed past the optimum planting window.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean yield and crop stage response to planting date and cultivar maturity in Iowa, USA

2020

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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting date and maturity group are important agronomic decisions. This study quantified how maturity group selection and later than optimal planting dates affected grain yield and crop development across Iowa, USA. Field experiments were conducted in seven locations between 2014 and 2016. Cultivar maturities ranged from 2.2 to 3.7 maturity group and planting dates targeted for 20‐d intervals from early May to early July. Soybean grain yield ranged from 0.27 to 7.54 Mg ha−1. Cultivar maturity had little to no effect on grain yield at four of seven sites while planting date was significant at all sites (p < .001) and the planting date and cultivar maturity interaction was not significant. As planting date was delayed, the VE‐R3 and R3‐R7 periods were each shortened by up to 15–20 d. The shorter growing period resulted in less radiation and growing degree day accumulation. An exponential‐plateau relationship between relative yield and GDD was evident for the VE‐R3 phase, with a plateau at 700°C‐d. A linear relationship between yield and GDD was evident from R3‐R7, suggesting greater yield with more accumulated GDD. The opposite relationships were found for photoperiod which had a linear relationship for the VE‐R3 and curvilinear for the R3‐R7 phases. These results showed that yield potential would be maximized by planting before 20 May. We concluded that planting earlier in the spring was a better management practice than maturity selection to maximize yield and the R3‐R7 period duration was critical in determining potential yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean yield and crop stage response to planting date and cultivar maturity in Iowa, USA

2020

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“…Agricultural crop production is closely related to crop phenological change. Previous research presented that the optimum range of crop phenological stages can lead to high crop production [58]. Some studies suggested that warming climate advanced phenological phases and, consequently, shortened crop growth duration, potentially reducing crop yield [2,19].…”

Section: Effects Of Crop Phenological Shift On Crop Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Recent Crop Phenology Dynamics in Corn and Soybean Cropping Systems of Kentucky

et al. 2021

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Accurate phenological information is essential for monitoring crop development, predicting crop yield, and enhancing resilience to cope with climate change. This study employed a curve-change-based dynamic threshold approach on NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index) time series to detect the planting and harvesting dates for corn and soybean in Kentucky, a typical climatic transition zone, from 2000 to 2018. We compared satellite-based estimates with ground observations and performed trend analyses of crop phenological stages over the study period to analyze their relationships with climate change and crop yields. Our results showed that corn and soybean planting dates were delayed by 0.01 and 0.07 days/year, respectively. Corn harvesting dates were also delayed at a rate of 0.67 days/year, while advanced soybean harvesting occurred at a rate of 0.05 days/year. The growing season length has increased considerably at a rate of 0.66 days/year for corn and was shortened by 0.12 days/year for soybean. Sensitivity analysis showed that planting dates were more sensitive to the early season temperature, while harvesting dates were significantly correlated with temperature over the entire growing season. In terms of the changing climatic factors, only the increased summer precipitation was statistically related to the delayed corn harvesting dates in Kentucky. Further analysis showed that the increased corn yield was significantly correlated with the delayed harvesting dates (1.37 Bu/acre per day) and extended growing season length (1.67 Bu/acre per day). Our results suggested that seasonal climate change (e.g., summer precipitation) was the main factor influencing crop phenological trends, particularly corn harvesting in Kentucky over the study period. We also highlighted the critical role of changing crop phenology in constraining crop production, which needs further efforts for optimizing crop management practices.

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“…Different management practices and decisions have been shown to contribute to soybean yield variation. These practices include the following: planting dates, row spacing, weed control and herbicide use, measures taken to reduce harvest losses (Specht et al., 1999) and seeding rates (Knott et al., 2019). In an effort to assess the causes of soybean yield gaps in agricultural areas in the North‐Central U.S., Edreira et al.…”

Section: Early Planting As a Key Practice To Increase Soybean Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kentucky, for more than 30 years, the optimum planting window for soybean was considered as mid‐May to mid‐June; however, Knott et al. (2019) found that late April to early May planting dates maximized soybean seed yield. In studies from Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Ontario in 2013 and 2014, Kandel et al.…”

Section: Early Planting As a Key Practice To Increase Soybean Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While several studies have demonstrated that soybean yields can be increased through early planting, other reports revealed that the yield benefit increased rapidly as planting was delayed to late May or early June compared with early May planting in states of the upper Midwest (Elmore, 1990; Lueschen et al., 1992; Oplinger & Philbrook, 1992; Pedersen & Lauer, 2004). In Kentucky, with the field planting conducted at mid‐April and early July, April planting dates were found to require the most days to seedling emergence and had the least number of plants/acre at harvest (Knott et al., 2019), with average stand losses from 15% to 35%. The greatest losses occurred with April planting dates.…”

Section: Challenges Associated With Early Plantingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects of alleviating early planting‐associated cold susceptibility of soybean using microbes: New insights from microbiome analysis

Bandara

Weerasooriya

Bell

et al. 2020

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Cold susceptibility is a concern when growing crops of tropical origin in temperate regions. Crops such as rice, corn, sorghum, and soybean are generally susceptible to chilling stress. From production standpoint, a crop's cold tolerance is particularly important when the general recommendation is to adopt earlier than currently practicing planting dates in the spring. Early planting is a potential route to increase soybean yield in the United States. Nonetheless, early planting is often not practically feasible due to low soil temperatures. Although some commercial varieties are cold‐tolerant, soybean is generally prone to cold stress. Soil temperatures below 10°C reduce germination and seedling vigour. Cold temperatures can also increase soybean vulnerability to soilborne seed/seedling diseases. Microorganisms are experimentally shown to alleviate cold stress in agriculturally important crops such as rice, wheat, tomato and grapes. Although microbial inoculants are available to augment soybean yields through enhanced nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and improved water/nutrient uptake, currently there are no commercially available inoculants to enhance soybean cold tolerance. Here we provide insights into the value of soybean rhizosphere microbiome analysis to identify microbial taxa that could potentially enhance soybean cold tolerance. Formulation of promising candidates into a seed treatment could contribute to early planting‐enabled soybean yield gains.

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Early Planting Dates Maximize Soybean Yield in Kentucky

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Soybean yield and crop stage response to planting date and cultivar maturity in Iowa, USA

Soybean yield and crop stage response to planting date and cultivar maturity in Iowa, USA

Detecting Recent Crop Phenology Dynamics in Corn and Soybean Cropping Systems of Kentucky

Prospects of alleviating early planting‐associated cold susceptibility of soybean using microbes: New insights from microbiome analysis

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