Early-phase immunodetection of metallothionein and heat shock proteins in extruded earthworm coelomocytes after dermal exposure to metal ions

Homa, Joanna; Olchawa, Ewa; Stürzenbaum, Stephen R.; Morgan, Andrew; Płytycz, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.10.019

Cited by 85 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In coelomocyte studies, viability always exceeded 96%. This is in contrast to the study of Homa et al [26] who reported that coelomocyte viability significantly filter paper doses. Chandra and Khuda-Bukhsh [4] reported that Aza induced genotoxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus fish.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana)

Muangphra

Gooneratne

2011

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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The LC 50 of commercial neem extract (Sadao Thai III containing azadirachtin; NEEM) on filter paper in the earthworm Pheretima peguana at 48 h and 72 h was 3.79 and 3.33 µg cm −2 , respectively. In earthworms exposed to five NEEM concentrations from 0.39 (∼10% of 48-h LC 50 ) to 3.13 (∼80% of 48-h LC 50 ) µg cm −2 , the radial thickness of the epidermis and body wall significantly (P < .05) decreased, and thickness of intestinal epithelium increased but only at high doses, approximately 25-fold above the concentration permitted for use as an insecticide in field applications (0.09 µg cm −2 ). NEEM significantly (P < .05) increased the number of binucleated coelomocytes in the micronucleus test (detects chromosomal aberrations) at 3.13 µg cm −2 , approximately 35-fold higher than the recommended dose, but it did not cause coelomocyte DNA single-strand breaks in the comet assay. Thus, NEEM is cytotoxic (increase in binucleates through the inhibition of cytokinesis) but not genotoxic to earthworm coelomocytes. This study demonstrates that the recommended dosage of commercial neem extract as an insecticide in agricultural practices is safe for earthworms.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana)

Muangphra

Gooneratne

2011

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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“…Fugère et al [7] reported that Pb was relatively well tolerated by the earthworm coelomocytes whereas Cd was relatively toxic with effects on both coelomocyte viability and phagocytosis. Moreover, Homa et al [16] reported that coelomocytes are selectively sensitive to certain metal ions due to differential upregulation of metallothionein by these ions on exposure to a 1.32 µg cm in the 48-h sublethal study. Since micronuclei occur as a short-term response to a genotoxic substance [21], their expression frequency depends more on the exposure dose than the exposure duration [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in good agreement with Fourie et al [15] who used the same exposure time and found tissue Cd accumulation and subsequent DNA damage in earthworms exposed to a slightly higher Cd concentration in artificial soil-water medium. However, Homa et al [16] reported that at least 3 days is required for Cd to accumulate in significant concentration in coelomocytes for induction of stress response proteins in Eisenia fetida exposed to 1.32 µg cm −2 Cd (and Zn, Cu, Pb) in filter-paper contact tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genotoxicity of Cadmium and Lead in Earthworm Coelomocytes

Muangphra

Gooneratne

2011

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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To determine genotoxicity to coelomocytes, Pheretima peguana earthworms were exposed in filter paper studies to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) for 48 h, at concentrations less than the LC 10 -Cd: 0.09, 0.19, 0.38, 0.75, and 1.50 µg cm −2 ; Pb: 1.65, 3.29, 6.58, 13.16, and 26.32 µg cm −2 . For Cd at 0.75 µg cm −2 , in the micronucleus test (detects chromosomal aberrations), significant increases (P < .05) in micronuclei and binucleate cells were observed, and in the comet assay (detects DNA single-strand breaks), tail DNA% was significantly increased. Lead was less toxic with minimal effects on DNA, but the binucleates were significantly increased by Pb at 3.29 µg cm −2 . This study shows that Cd is more acutely toxic and sublethally genotoxic than Pb to P. peguana. Cadmium caused chromosomal aberrations and DNA single-strand breaks at 45% of the LC 10 concentration. Lead, in contrast, did not induce DNA damage but caused cytokinesis defects.

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“…ROS not only regulate the activity of pre-existing proteins or enzymes, they are also responsible for inducing the expression of many genes (Chen et al 2011a). Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) also plays an important protective role in cellular stress responses and had been used in many toxicity tests (Homa et al 2005(Homa et al , 2007Chen et al 2011a). Biochemical responses of earthworms (E. fetida) to some congeners of PBDEs have been reported.…”

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confidence: 99%