Early parent-child interactions and substance use disorder: An attachment perspective on a biopsychosocial entanglement

New Addictions in Late Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: How Attachment Style May Predict Problematic Use of Social Networks and Binge-Watching

“…Previous literature indicates the role of attachment styles in the onset and exacerbation of psychopathologies [ 34 , 35 ], as well as the onset of problematic behaviors [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. It is well known that the early attachment experience affects adult relationship styles [ 40 ].…”

Epigenetic analyses in forensic medicine: future and challenges

“…Blood and brain sample methylation varied only in small degrees from the global mean, pointing toward the translational capacities Rhein et al [ 1 ] 26,042,147 Buccal swabs taken postmortem during different stages of decomposition and PMI of 1–42 days from 73 decedents Age-associated CpG-1 site of PDE4C gene (upstream of cg17861230) Bisulfite pyrosequencing Plotting the chronological age vs the degree of PDE4C CpG-1 methylation, no relevant influence of the state of decomposition was found. DNA yields of swabs were unexpectedly high in the postmortem cases with signs of decomposition Koop et al [ 2 ] 32,632,799 14 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks after postmortem delays of 0, 24, 48, and 72 h from 14 autopsy cases DNA cytosine modifications and histone modifications Human brain tissue microarray The epigenetic modifications were stable up to 4 days postmortem: DNA cytosine modifications and histone methylation resulted stable; subtle changes were detected in histone acetylation at 4 to 5 days postmortem Jarmasz et al [ 3 ] 30,635,019 Frozen postmortem prefrontal cortex from 16 normal adult subjects H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 Chromatin immunoprecipitation The nucleosomal organization of genomic DNA is preserved in postmortem tissue for at least 30 h after death; differences in histone methylation levels between various genomic loci are maintained in postmortem brain even after prolonged autolysis Huang et al [ 4 ] 16,574,239 Frozen human prefrontal cortex brain specimens from 6 cases H3K27Ac and H3K4me3 Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-Seq) H3K27Ac or RNA polymerase not consistently detected, while the enhancer H3K4me3 histone modification was abundant and stable up to the 72 h postmortem Basova et al [ 5 ] 33,805,201 Frozen brain tissues (cortex, cerebellum and brain stem) from 12 cases Methyltransferase and acetyltransferase activities Enzyme Activity Kit Methyltransferase and acetyltransferase activities relatively preserved with PMI and storage duration. No direct influence of postmortem variables on the RNA integrity with PMI o...…”

“…This has been particularly attractive in cancer research in the past years because the enzymes adding or removing the epigenetic tags have become targets for new drugs’ development to try to restore the original setting of the genes through epigenetic editing [ 3 ]. The evidence of epigenetic changes influencing factors, such as the environment, substance use disorders, and past life experiences [ 4 ], which in turn can affect the behavior of individuals, might be of great interest in the forensic field, given their potential impact on the judicial evaluation of the role of a criminal or a crime victim. The reversibility of epigenetic modifications, as well as their hereditary transmission, opens further areas of involvement for forensic medicine, which is destined to become increasingly interested in these issues.…”

Total Barley Maiya Alkaloids Prevent Increased Prolactin Levels Caused by Antipsychotic Drugs and Reduce Dopamine Receptor D2 via Epigenetic Mechanisms

“…DRD2, a regulator of transcriptional responses, modulates PRL expression in the pituitary gland. Therefore, DRD2 inactivation or mutations decreasing DRD2 mRNA or protein expression can result in PRL accumulation, activating PRL transcriptional programs ( Céspedes, 2017 ; Gerra et al, 2021 ). The noncoding region of DRD2 contains CGG repeat sequences that provide a foundation for methylation.…”