Early Ophthalmological Manifestations of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Perspectives

Salloukh, Nasrine Anais El; Hage, Dany; Bashshur, Anna Z; Kheir, Wajiha Jurdi

doi:10.2147/opth.s342720

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…2 Acute leukemias present more frequently with ocular manifestations than in chronic leukemias, 3 with ocular involvement ranging from 32% to 35.5%. 4 Ocular involvement of the anterior segment specifically due to acute lymphocytic leukemia relapse ranges from 2.5% to 18%, while anterior involvement in AML relapse is very rare. 1 The differential diagnosis for hypopyon includes 4 broad categories: noninfectious inflammation, infectious, neoplastic, and corneal etiologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leukemia accounts for 34.8% of ocular metastases affecting the retina, choroid, optic nerve, vitreous, iris, and AC . Acute leukemias present more frequently with ocular manifestations than in chronic leukemias, with ocular involvement ranging from 32% to 35.5% . Ocular involvement of the anterior segment specifically due to acute lymphocytic leukemia relapse ranges from 2.5% to 18%, while anterior involvement in AML relapse is very rare …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bilateral Hypopyon in a Young Woman

2023

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Hypopyon in a Young Woman

2023

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“…Retinal tissue is commonly involved in leukemias, occurring in up to 30–50% of affected individuals [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Leukemic retinopathy is more frequently observed in acute leukemias and is the most common ophthalmic manifestation in affected patients [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Secondary Disease Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central retinal vein and/or artery occlusion is a rare manifestation of leukemia and often presents with optic disc edema [ 39 ]. Most likely, it is caused by a state of hypercoagulability and leukocytosis, although direct leukemic infiltration could also be involved in its pathogenesis [ 37 ].…”

Section: Secondary Disease Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmic Manifestations in Patients with Blood Malignancies

Rossi,

Buizza,

Alessio

et al. 2024

Hematology Reports

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Ocular complications can occur in up to 90% of patients with blood malignancies. Such complications range from direct infiltration to local hemostatic imbalance and treatment-related toxicity. This narrative review is based on a systematic computerized search of the literature conducted until January 2024 and examines the common ocular complications associated with blood cancers. Ocular complications from primary disease include mass effects from ocular adnexal lymphomas and intraocular lymphomas, with B-cell lymphomas accounting for 95% of primary ocular presentations. Secondary disease involvement from systemic hematological malignancies can lead to a wide range of ocular manifestations, such as leukemic retinopathy. Furthermore, toxicity from antineoplastic therapies and ocular graft versus host disease (oGVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation present additional risks to ocular health. In conclusion, ocular complications in blood cancer patients are an integral part of patient management, requiring regular ophthalmic evaluations and close collaboration between oncologists and ophthalmologists. Advances in therapy and an increased focus on early symptom recognition are essential for preserving vision and enhancing patient quality of life.

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Highlights of ophthalmological manifestations in newly diagnosed acute leukemia: a correlation with hematological parameters

Laimon,

Sakr,

Atef

et al. 2024

Ann Hematol

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Acute leukemia is a hematological malignancy affecting different organ systems including the eye and orbit through direct infiltration of tissues or secondary to hematological abnormalities. Ophthalmological manifestations in acute leukemia are variable ranging from asymptomatic presentation to serious manifestations that can alter the disease course and treatment. The purpose of this study is to detect the incidence of different ophthalmological manifestations in newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients and to assess the relationship between ocular findings and hematological characteristics and the sequel of these neoplasms. A cross-sectional study with analytical components was conducted on 222 newly diagnosed acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients who presented at Oncology Center Mansoura University (OCMU) between January 2022 and February 2023. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation at Mansoura Ophthalmology Center (MOC). The mean age was 43.45 ± 17.35 years (range, 17–85), and M/F was 137 (61.7%)/85 (38.3%). One-hundred and forty-four (64.9%) had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 78 (35.1%) had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Ophthalmic manifestations were detected in 96 patients (43.2%). Among them, 4 (1.8%) had poor visual acuity. Retinal hemorrhage (19.8%) and Roth spots (17.1%) were the most common ocular manifestations. Other ophthalmological manifestations observed were orbital involvement (3.2%), ocular motility issues (1.4%), subconjunctival hemorrhage (5.9%), conjunctival chemosis (0.9%),lid swelling (4.1%), lid ecchymosis (3.2%), lagophthalmos (0.5%), lid ptosis (1.8%), retinal venous congestion & tortuosity (4.1%), preretinal hemorrhage (3.2%), vitreous hemorrhage (3.2%), macular affection (2.3%), retinal infiltration (1.8%), exudative retinal detachment (ERD) (1.8%), cotton-wool spots (0.9%), retinal vein occlusion (0.5%), papilledema (2.8%), optic disc infiltration (1.8%), disc pallor (1.8%).AML patients were significantly associated with a higher frequency of ocular affection, retinal hemorrhages, and Roth spots (P 0.028, 0.003, and 0.046, respectively) compared to ALL patients. Retinal hemorrhage was statistically significantly associated with anemia (P 0.021). Ophthalmological manifestations of acute leukemia are heterogeneous; they can be detected at initial presentations or relapse. Some manifestations are asymptomatic, others can affect visual acuity or even alter the disease course. Cooperation between ophthalmologists and haemato-oncologists is crucial for recognizing ocular involvement and disease management.

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Early Ophthalmological Manifestations of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Perspectives

Cited by 5 publications

References 99 publications

Bilateral Hypopyon in a Young Woman

Bilateral Hypopyon in a Young Woman

Ophthalmic Manifestations in Patients with Blood Malignancies

Highlights of ophthalmological manifestations in newly diagnosed acute leukemia: a correlation with hematological parameters

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