Early occupational hearing loss of workers in a stone crushing industry: Our experience in a developing country

Abstract

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is an irreversible sensorineural hearing loss associated with exposure to high levels of excessive noise. This paper aims to assess the prevalence of early NIHL and the awareness of the effects of noise on health among stone crushing industry workers. This was a comparative cross-sectional study in Ghana of 140 workers from the stone crushing industry compared with a control group of 150 health workers. The stone workers and controls were evaluated using a structured questionnaire, which assessed symptoms of hearing loss, tinnitus, knowledge on the health hazards associated with work in noisy environment and the use of hearing protective device. Pure tone audiometric assessment was carried out for stone workers and controls. Noise levels at the work stations of the stone workers and of the controls were measured. Statistical Analysis of data was carried out using SPSS package version 16. The mean age of stone workers and controls was 42.58±7.85 and 42.19±12 years, respectively. Subjective hearing loss occurred in 21.5% of the workers and in 2.8% of the controls. Tinnitus occurred in 26.9% of stone workers and 21.5% of controls, while 87.5% stone workers had sound knowledge on the health hazards of a noisy environment. Early NIHL in the left ear occurred in 19.3% of the stone workers compared with 0.7% in controls and in the right ear, it occurred in 14.3% of the stone workers and in 1.3% of the controls; P<0.005. In conclusion, the prevalence rate of early NIHL among stone crushing workers is about 19.3% for the left ear and 14.3% for the right ear.

Disorders induced by direct occupational exposure to noise: Systematic review

“…A total of 281 references were recovered when the described search criteria were applied; after purging the duplicated references and after the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, it was possible to retrieve 23 studies with available full text[7111214151819202122232425262728293031323334353637] [Table 1], proceeding from MEDLINE ( n =10; 40.00%), Cochrane ( n = 1; 4.00%), ISI Web of Science ( n =2; 8.00%), Scopus ( n =10; 40.00%), and SciELO ( n =2; 8.00%). The concordance between the evaluators about the pertinence of the articles was 100%.…”

Occupational hearing loss of market mill workers in the city of Accra, Ghana

“…[4][5][6][7] A formal sector enterprise is an enterprise which is either government or privately owned, but is subject to government regulation. Within Ghana, Kitcher et al [8] noted a high prevalence of early NIHL among workers in a formal enterprise of a large-scale stone crushing industry. Boateng and Amedofu [9] also reported NIHL among local saw mill, printing press and corn mill workers.…”

Brainstem evoked response audiometry in stone cutting workers at a construction site

“…Fernandes et al also reported a higher NIHL prevalence in the left ears of urban bus drivers. [6] This suggests that lateralization of hearing loss is evident in occupational NIHL. In the present study, we observed higher BERA abnormalities in left ear.…”

“…[7,8] To assess hearing loss in most of the previous studies pure tone audiometry (PTA) that may have subjectively biased results and hence interpretation, were used. [5][6][7][8][9] Very few studies have adopted brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) to assess hearing loss and auditory pathway affection whether central or peripheral. BERA rules out any subjective recording of hearing threshold.…”