Early Miocene mammals from central Kutch (Gujarat), Western India: Implications for geochronology, biogeography, eustacy and intercontinental dispersals

Bhandari, Ansuya; Mohabey, D. M.; Bajpai, Sunil; Tiwari, B. N.; Pickford, Martin

doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0034

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The Tapar locality was initially thought by Bhandari et al [ 1 ] to date to about 16 Ma on the basis of inferred correlation with the Khari Nadi Formation. The correlation was problematic, as the type area of the Khari Nadi Formation is in western Kutch whereas the Tapar (and nearby Pasuda) beds are in central Kutch, and the central and western deposits are discontinuous.…”

Section: Geology and Faunamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent fieldwork in the Kutch (= Kachchh) district in the state of Gujarat, western India has expanded our knowledge of the Miocene mammalian faunas of the region [ 1 , 2 ]. Vertebrate fossil remains recovered from the Pasuda and Tapar localities in the Bachau Taluka area of central Kutch Figs 1 – 3 ) during expeditions in 2011 and 2012 were described by Bhandari et al [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First record of the Miocene hominoid Sivapithecus from Kutch, Gujarat state, western India

et al. 2018

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Hominoid remains from Miocene deposits in India and Pakistan have played a pivotal role in understanding the evolution of great apes and humans since they were first described in the 19th Century. We describe here a hominoid maxillary fragment preserving the canine and cheek teeth collected in 2011 from the Kutch (= Kachchh) basin in the Kutch district, Gujarat state, western India. A basal Late Miocene age is proposed based on the associated faunal assemblage that includes Hipparion and other age-diagnostic mammalian taxa. Miocene Hominoidea are known previously from several areas of the Siwalik Group in the outer western Himalayas of India, Pakistan, and Nepal. This is the first record of a hominoid from the Neogene of the Kutch Basin and represents a significant southern range extension of Miocene hominoids in the Indian peninsula. The specimen is assigned to the Genus Sivapithecus, species unspecified.

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Section: Geology and Faunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First record of the Miocene hominoid Sivapithecus from Kutch, Gujarat state, western India

et al. 2018

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“…The Tapar beds of the Kutch Basin in western India, known for their rich vertebrate fauna, consist of medium- to coarse-grained sandstones, siltstones, and mudstones with intermittent conglomerate beds (Fig. 1.3) and have been considered to form part of the Khari Nadi Formation in the past (Bhandari et al, 2010, 2015, 2018; Patnaik et al, 2014). However, this is problematic because the Tapar beds are lithologically different from the Khari Nadi Formation.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…South Asian deinotheres are known largely from isolated teeth in lower to upper Miocene deposits in the Siwalik Group of Indo-Pakistan, the Manchars of Sind in eastern Pakistan, the Gaj Series in the Bugti Hills of western Pakistan, the Dharmsala Group of northern India, Kutch and Perim (Piram) Island in western India, and in the Dang Valley in Nepal (Falconer, 1845, 1868; Lydekker, 1876, 1880; Pilgrim, 1912, 1917; Forster-Cooper, 1922; Palmer, 1924; Sahni and Tripathi, 1957; Dehm, 1963; Khan et al, 1971; Sahni and Mishra, 1975; West et al, 1978; Barry et al, 1982; Sahni and Gupta, 1982; Raza et al, 1984; Vasishat, 1985; Tiwari et al, 2006; Bhandari et al, 2010; Sankhyan and Sharma, 2014; Kapur et al, 2019). The taxonomic validity of the large species, Deinotherium indicum from the Tortonian of Perim Island in the Gulf of Cambay and Haritalyangar in the Siwalik Hills, is generally accepted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first specimen ofDeinotherium indicum(Mammalia, Proboscidea, Deinotheriidae) from the late Miocene of Kutch, India

et al. 2020

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Deinotheriidae Bonaparte, 1845 is a family of browsing proboscideans that were widespread in the Old World during the Neogene. From Miocene deposits in the Indian subcontinent, deinotheres are known largely from dental remains. Both large and small species have been described from the region. Previously, only small deinothere species have been identified from Kutch in western India. In the fossiliferous Tapar beds in Kutch, dental remains have been referred to the small species Deinotherium sindiense Lydekker, 1880, but the specimens are too fragmentary to be systematically diagnostic. Here, we describe a large p4 of a deinothere from the Tapar beds and demonstrate that it is morphologically most similar to Deinotherium indicum Falconer, 1845, a large species of deinothere, thereby confirming the identity of deinotheres at Tapar. Deinotherium indicum from Tapar is larger than other deinotheres identified from Kutch and is the first occurrence of the species in the region. This new specimen helps constrain the age of the Tapar beds to the Tortonian and increases the biogeographic range of this species—hitherto only known from two localities on the subcontinent. This specimen also highlights the morphological diversity of South Asian deinothere p4s and allows us to reassess dental apomorphies used to delimit Indian deinothere species. Lastly, we argue that by the late Miocene, small deinotheres in Kutch were replaced by the large Deinotherium indicum.

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“…Subsequent to the collision, especially during the Miocene, there were many instances of movement of mammals from northern Asia and the Afro-Arabian regions (African and Eurasian faunal elements). Fossil deposits from Kutch, West India, suggest faunal exchange between Afro-Arabian regions and the Indian subcontinent during early Miocene (Bhandari et al 2010). Others have suggested a mixture of Southern-Russian and African forms in the Indian subcontinent.…”

Section: Species Richness Is Highest In the Montane Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past influences present: Mammalian species from different biogeographic pools sort environmentally in the Indian subcontinent

Tamma¹,

Marathe²,

Ramakrishnan³

2016

Frontiers of Biogeography

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Diversity-environment relationships are distinct across species pools, and as a result species from different biogeographic pools have different environmental preferences. Regional communities are drawn from available biogeographic pools, subject to environmental and dispersal constraints. Does shared biogeographic history of taxa lead to similar relationships with the environment? We test this idea in the Indian subcontinent, which is at the confluence of multiple biogeographic regions resulting in species from multiple biogeographic pools being distributed here. Species were classified as belonging to four biogeographic affinities based on their geographic distributions: eastern, northern, western and endemic. We investigated spatial patterns of species richness for all mammals (over 1° x 1° grid cells), for each biogeographic group and for 5 major mammalian orders. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) were used to investigate environment-diversity relationship for all mammals, each biogeographic group, and for major mammalian orders in the Indian subcontinent. Species richness of all mammals was found to be highest in the montane regions of the Eastern Himalayas and the Western Ghats. Species richness of each biogeographic group was highest at the border it shared with Asia, in the direction of immigration from Asia. Environment and spatial variables were both correlated with species richness in the Indian subcontinent and each biogeographic group showed a distinct richness-environment relationship. Additionally, biogeographic groups sorted along environmental space, in keeping with our predictions based on their global distributions. Finally, analyses across mammalian orders had low predictive value, suggesting that shared phylogenetic history is relatively less important than biogeographic ancestry in determining relationships to environment. We conclude that historical factors such as immigration and the distinct evolutionary histories of species impact species richness patterns in the Indian subcontinent. Our results provide insights into drivers of regional community assembly in transition zones where multiple biogeographic species pools co-exist.

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Early Miocene mammals from central Kutch (Gujarat), Western India: Implications for geochronology, biogeography, eustacy and intercontinental dispersals

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

First record of the Miocene hominoid Sivapithecus from Kutch, Gujarat state, western India

First record of the Miocene hominoid Sivapithecus from Kutch, Gujarat state, western India

The first specimen ofDeinotherium indicum(Mammalia, Proboscidea, Deinotheriidae) from the late Miocene of Kutch, India

Past influences present: Mammalian species from different biogeographic pools sort environmentally in the Indian subcontinent

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