Early Metabolic Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with Severe Obesity

Abstract

Obesity is responsible for a series of complications that directly affect the quality and life expectancy of individuals. These patients predispose to the emergence of potentially lethal diseases such as dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, in addition to being an important risk factor for some types of cancer. Currently, it is treated as a pandemic disease, in which the number of cases worldwide and nationally is alarming. Therefore, intervention is necessary in these patients, which may be conservatively or surgically, in which the latter consists of several techniques. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the short-term metabolic results of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in morbidly obese patients. This is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach based on the analysis of preoperative and postoperative data from 6 to 18 months, covering 35 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy in a single institute between the years 2007 and 2013. It was observed that thirty-five patients underwent Sleeve Gastrectomy, 30 women and 5 men, 10 of whom were diabetic and 15 were hypertensive, with a mean collective age of approximately 40 years and a mean body mass index of 43 kg/m². Mean HbA1C levels were 7.9 ± 2.8%. The mean body mass index at a mean follow-up of 1 year and 6 months after surgery was 32 ± 4.9 kg/m², with a mean HbA1C of 6.1 ± 1%. There was complete resolution of the diabetes condition, and only one patient remained with systemic arterial hypertension and arthralgia. It is concluded that Sleeve Gastrectomy offers good weight loss results, as well as a resolution or improvement of previous comorbidities, in which the issue of diabetes could be more closely monitored. Prospective studies are needed to better compare long-term outcomes.