Early markers are present in both embryogenesis pathways from microspores and immature zygotic embryos in cork oak, Quercus suberL

Rodríguez-Sanz, Héctor; Manzanera, J. A.; Solís, María Teresa; Gómez-Garay, Aránzazu; Pintos, Beatríz; Risueño, María Carmen; Testillano, Pilar S.

doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0224-4

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In line with this postulate, we observed a significantly decreased level of 5 mC in the embryogenic culture of Arabidopsis and the reduction in the DNA methylation level has also been associated with SE induction in other plants (Santos and Fevereiro 2002;Xu et al 2004;Noceda et al 2009;Rodríguez-Sanz et al 2014;Teyssier et al 2014). However, in some plants, an increased (Fraga et al 2012;Rival et al 2013), differentially modulated (Leljak-Levanić et al 2004;Nic-Can et al 2013) and steady (Parra et al 2001) level of DNA methylation during SE has been reported.…”

Section: Se Induction Is Associated With the Decreased Level Of Globasupporting

confidence: 70%

Azacitidine (5-AzaC)-treatment and mutations in DNA methylase genes affect embryogenic response and expression of the genes that are involved in somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis

et al. 2018

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Epigenetic processes including DNA methylation play a pivotal role in regulating the genes that control plant development. In contrast to in planta development, the contribution of DNA methylation to the morphogenic processes that are induced in vitro are much less recognised. Hence, in the present study, we analysed the impact of DNA methylation on somatic embryogenesis (SE) that was induced in Arabidopsis. The results demonstrated a decrease in the global DNA methylation level during SE that contrasted with the up-regulation of MET1 and CMT3 DNA methylases and the down-regulation of DNA demethylases (ROS1, DME and DML2). Hence, the global DNA methylation level appears not to correlate with the transcriptional activity of the genes encoding DNA methylases/demethylases, thereby implying the complexity of the regulatory mechanism that controls the DNA methylation status of the SE-epigenome. Moreover, distinct changes in the expression level of the SE-regulatory genes were indicated in the 5-AzaC-treated and DNA methylase mutant cultures. Accordingly, a significant repression of the LEC2, LEC1 and BBM genes was found in the 5-AzaC-treated culture that was incapable of SE induction. In contrast, the distinct up-regulation of these genes was observed in the drm1drm2 and drm1drm2cmt3 mutant cultures with an improved embryogenic response. The modulated expression of DNA methylase genes and the significantly modified embryogenic response of the met1 and drm mutants imply that both the maintenance and the de novo pathway of DNA methylation are engaged in the regulation of SE in Arabidopsis.

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Section: Se Induction Is Associated With the Decreased Level Of Globasupporting

confidence: 70%

Azacitidine (5-AzaC)-treatment and mutations in DNA methylase genes affect embryogenic response and expression of the genes that are involved in somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis

et al. 2018

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“…Besides explant sensitivity, the level of endogenous hormones is one of the critical factors determining the embryogenic potential of the explant (Jiménez 2005). Interestingly, Rodríguez-Sanz et al (2014) reported that an increase of endogenous auxin levels is involved in early in vitro embryogenesis in woody species including the related Q. suber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Improved secondary embryo production in Quercus alba and Q. rubra by activated charcoal, silver thiosulphate and sucrose: influence of embryogenic explant used for subculture

Martínez

Viéitez

Corredoira

2015

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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In somatic embryogenic systems of various oak species, including Quercus alba and Q. rubra, embryogenic lines generally proliferate through generation of nodular embryogenic structures (NS) as a form of repetitive embryogenesis, without embryo development progressing to the cotyledonary stage, or with a low proportion of embryo formation, resulting in the inability to achieve suitable material for plant recovery. In experiments we used previously initiated embryogenic lines derived from 7-year-old trees of Q. alba and Q. rubra. The aim of this work was to improve embryo proliferation and histodifferentiation of lines from these oak species to obtain welldeveloped embryos and plant regeneration. The effects of activated charcoal, silver thiosulphate (STS) and sucrose concentration on secondary embryo production were investigated. Overall, the best embryo proliferation medium consisted of basal Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.4 % charcoal and 20 lM STS, and supplemented with 6 % sucrose for Q. alba and 3 % sucrose for Q. rubra. In these conditions, well-developed and singularised torpedo-and cotyledonary-shaped embryos were produced. The developmental stage of the embryogenic explant used for subculture significantly influenced embryo production and differentiation of new secondary embryos, with NS being the most effective explant despite being the smallest explant type in terms of size and fresh weight.Addition of STS in the germination medium also had a positive effect on germination response giving rise to approximately 39 % embryo conversion in Q. alba and 11 % in Q. rubra.

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“…At early multicellular embryo cells, a differential and significant increase of IAA endogenous levels was found. After the induction of SE, both explants showed low levels of IAA (Rodríguez-Sanz et al 2014).…”

Section: Auxin Response During the Somatic Embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 98%

The Role of the Auxins During Somatic Embryogenesis

Nic-Can

Loyola‐Vargas

2016

Somatic Embryogenesis: Fundamental Aspects and Applications

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It is well known that auxins (Ax) and cytokinins (Ck) are key regulators of plant cell division and differentiation. These growth regulators can induce plant cell reprogramming. The balance between Ax and Ck during their application in the plant tissue culture determines the state of cell di-or dedifferentiation. Other plant growth regulators can also induce callus. However, Ax is the most widely used plant growth regulator to control organ regeneration, callus induction or somatic embryogenesis induction. Ax plays a central role in early and post-embryogenic plant development. Elegant studies have shown that temporal and spatial Ax distribution mediates important steps during the early embryo patterning formation of zygotic embryogenesis (ZE). The application of exogenous Ax into the culture medium can unbalance the endogenous of this growth regulator and modify the IAA metabolism inside the cell. In most of the cultures, it has been demonstrated that the removal of the exogenous Ax from of culture medium promotes the formation of embryogenic structures. The increment in the endogenous Ax regulates the expression of a great number of transcription factors, several of them related to stress. The other aspect about the homeostasis of Ax, which has an effect on the induction of somatic embryogenesis, is its transport. In this chapter, a revision and analysis about the role of Ax in different aspects of somatic embryogenesis is made.

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Early markers are present in both embryogenesis pathways from microspores and immature zygotic embryos in cork oak, Quercus suberL

Cited by 53 publications

References 45 publications

Azacitidine (5-AzaC)-treatment and mutations in DNA methylase genes affect embryogenic response and expression of the genes that are involved in somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis

Azacitidine (5-AzaC)-treatment and mutations in DNA methylase genes affect embryogenic response and expression of the genes that are involved in somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis

Improved secondary embryo production in Quercus alba and Q. rubra by activated charcoal, silver thiosulphate and sucrose: influence of embryogenic explant used for subculture

The Role of the Auxins During Somatic Embryogenesis

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