Early malnutrition predicts parent reports of externalizing behaviors at ages 9–17

Galler, Janina R.; Bryce, Cyralene P.; Waber, Deborah P.; Medford, Gayle; Eaglesfield, G. David; Fitzmaurice, Garrett M.

doi:10.1179/147683011x13009738172521

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…In this same sample, we previously found that malnutrition at age 3 years was associated with externalizing behavior across childhood (Liu et al 2004). More recently, Galler et al (2011) reported that early childhood malnutrition was linked to problems in executive functioning in later childhood and adolescence, as well as increased levels of aggression (Galler et al 2013). Furthermore, iron deficiency in children has been linked to adverse social-emotional behavioral outcomes (Lozoff et al 2007;Lozoff et al 2008;Corapci et al 2010;Chang et al 2011;Lozoff et al 2014;Bakoyiannis et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increasing body of evidence indicates that poor nutritional status during early childhood has a negative impact on cognitive development (Lozoff 2000;Grantham-McGregor & Ani 2001;Liu et al 2003;Laus et al 2011;Galler et al 2012;Bogale et al 2013;Waber et al 2014) externalizing behavior (Liu et al 2004;Galler et al 2011;Liu & Raine 2011) even after controlling for social adversity. Nutritional supplementation, on the other hand, has been shown to reduce behavioral problems in early childhood (Berglund et al 2013) as well as in adolescence (Raine et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional status and social behavior in preschool children: the mediating effects of neurocognitive functioning

Liu

Raine

2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Early malnutritional status has been associated with reduced cognitive ability in childhood. However, there are almost no studies on the effect of malnutrition on positive social behavior, and no tests of possible mediating mechanisms. This study tests the hypothesis that poor nutritional status is associated with impaired social functioning in childhood, and that neurocognitive ability mediates this relationship. We assessed 1553 male and female 3-year-olds from a birth cohort on measures of malnutrition, social behavior and verbal and spatial neurocognitive functions. Children with indicators of malnutrition showed impaired social behavior (p <.0001) as compared with children in the control group with adequate nutritional status. These associations even persisted after controlling for social adversity and parental education. Findings were not moderated by gender or ethnicity, and there was no interaction effect with parental education. A dose–response relationship was observed between degree of malnutrition and degree of social behavior, with increased malnutrition associated with more impaired social behavior. Neurocognitive ability was found to mediate the nutrition–social behavior relationship. The mediation effect of neurocognitive functioning suggests that poor nutrition negatively impacts brain areas that play important roles in developing positive social behavior. Findings suggest that reducing poor nutrition, alternatively promoting good nutrition, may help promote positive social behavior in early childhood during a critical period for social and neurocognitive development, with implications for improving positive health in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status and social behavior in preschool children: the mediating effects of neurocognitive functioning

Liu

Raine

2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…R. Galler, Ramsey, Forde, Salt, & Archer, 1987; J. R. Galler, Ramsey, Morley, Archer, & Salt, 1990), as well as increased externalizing behaviors (J. R. Galler, et al, 2011) and depressive symptoms (J.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition in the first year of life and personality at age 40

Galler

Bryce

Zichlin

et al. 2013

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background Early childhood malnutrition is associated with cognitive and behavioral impairment during childhood and adolescence, but studies in adulthood are limited. Methods Using the NEO-PI-R personality inventory, we compared personality profiles at 37–43 years of age (mean 40.3 years, SD 1.9) of Barbadian adults who had experienced moderate to severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in the first year of life (n=77) with healthy controls, who were former classmates of the index cases and were matched for age, sex and handedness in childhood (n=57). The previously malnourished participants had been rehabilitated, with good health and nutrition documented to 12 years of age, and study participants were followed longitudinally from childhood to 40 y. Group comparisons were adjusted for childhood and adolescent standard of living, with and without correcting for IQ. Results At the broad domain or factor level, previously malnourished participants had higher scores on Neuroticism and lower scores on Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness than did the healthy controls At the sub-domain or facet level, previously malnourished participants reported more anxiety, vulnerability, shyness and lowered sociability, less intellectual curiosity, greater suspiciousness of others, a more egocentric than altruistic orientation, and a lowered sense of efficacy or competence. Conclusions Malnutrition limited to the first year of life with good health and nutrition documented to 12 years of age, is associated with a significant overrepresentation of adult personality trait scores outside of the average range. This outcome has important implications for a variety of important life and mental health outcomes.

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“…Despite their nutritional rehabilitation and complete catchup in physical growth, 13 the previously malnourished children displayed persisting deficits in attention, IQ, 12 and academic achievement 18 through adolescence, as well as an increased level of conduct problems and depressive symptoms. 15,19 The primary aim of the current study was to compare these 2 groups at midlife on basic metrics of social outcome, including occupation, educational attainment, standard of living, and household income. We also investigated the extent to which childhood cognitive impairment accounted for any group differences.…”

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confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Outcomes in Adults Malnourished in the First Year of Life: A 40-Year Study

et al. 2012

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Infant malnutrition is known to be associated with behavioral and cognitive impairment throughout childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. However, controlled studies addressing adult outcomes in middle life, including earning potential, educational attainment, and standard of living, are limited. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:A discrete episode of moderate to severe malnutrition in infancy, with good rehabilitation thereafter, is associated with lower adult social status and a widening income gap relative to healthy controls, partially attributable to cognitive impairment in the previously malnourished. abstract OBJECTIVE: Lifelong functional, adaptive, and economic outcomes of moderate to severe infantile malnutrition are not well known. We assessed social status and income at midlife in a cohort of Barbadian adults, hospitalized for protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) during the first year of life, with good nutrition and health thereafter, in the context of a 40-year longitudinal case-control study. We also examined to what extent childhood IQ mediated any group differences.METHODS: Educational achievement, occupational status, and standard of living were assessed by the Hollingshead scales and a sitespecific Ecology Questionnaire in Barbadian adults (aged 37-43 years) with a history of malnutrition (n = 80) and a matched healthy control group (n = 63), classmates of the index cases. Malnutrition effects, adjusted for childhood standard of living, were estimated by longitudinal multiple regression analyses, with and without childhood IQ, in the models.RESULTS: PEM predicted poorer socioeconomic outcomes with medium to large effect sizes (0.50-0.94), but childhood IQ substantially attenuated the magnitude of these effects (adjusted effect sizes: 0.17-0.34). The gap in weekly household income between the PEM and control groups increased substantially over the life span (P , .001).CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to severe PEM during the first year of life with adequate nutrition and health care thereafter is associated with significant depression of socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood, mediated in part by cognitive compromise in affected individuals. This finding underscores the potential long-term economic burden of infant malnutrition, which is of major concern given the continued high prevalence of malnutrition worldwide. Pediatrics 2012;130:e1-e7 AUTHORS:

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Early malnutrition predicts parent reports of externalizing behaviors at ages 9–17

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Nutritional status and social behavior in preschool children: the mediating effects of neurocognitive functioning

Nutritional status and social behavior in preschool children: the mediating effects of neurocognitive functioning

Malnutrition in the first year of life and personality at age 40

Socioeconomic Outcomes in Adults Malnourished in the First Year of Life: A 40-Year Study

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