Early maladaptive schemas differing according to sex may contribute to migraine among the youth

Aksu, Gülen Güler; Kayar, Ozan; Tufan, Ali Evren; Kütük, Meryem Özlem; Sucu, Damla Hazal; Taşdelen, Bahar; Toros, Fevziye; Özge, Aynur

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2022.04.001

Cited by 3 publications

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“…There are many studies focusing on the early onset of migraine, the psychological problems accompanying the migraine diagnosis, or the distorted functionality of the adolescents ( 4 – 6 ), but studies that examine pediatric migraine with the STM perspective are limited ( 44 , 45 ). Our findings will contribute to the researchers who would study migraine in children and adolescents through the psychosocial and developmental perspective of STM.…”

Section: Contributions and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between illness perception and pain coping strategies among adolescents diagnosed with migraine

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between illness-related perceptions and pain coping strategies among adolescents diagnosed with migraine.Material and methodsA total of 134 adolescents (aged 12–18 years) diagnosed with migraine with and without aura participated in the study. The Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Pain Coping Questionnaire, and the Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaires Set for Children and Adolescents were used.ResultsThe intensity of using desperate ways of coping with pain was higher among adolescents who perceive migraine as a chronic disease (β = 0.199, p < 0.05) even if they have episodic attacks and who have higher levels of coherency in understanding the illness (β = 0.256, p < 0.01). First, full mediations of over-vigilance/inhibition and impaired autonomy/performance schema domains on these relations were observed. Second, the increases in negative cognitive (β = 0.199, p < 0.05) and emotional (β = 0.280, p < 0.01) representations related to the consequences of the illness lead to an increase in the uncontrolled and frequent use of analgesic drugs where the partial mediating role of over-vigilance/inhibition schema domain on this correlation is observed. The perceptions about the negative as well as serious consequences of migraine are related to both the self-active behaviors (β = 0.181, p < 0.05) and the conscious cognitive attempts (β = 0.207, p < 0.05) as effective coping strategies, which is an unexpected finding. The disconnection/rejection schema domain had a full mediation role on both relations.ConclusionThe results suggest that early maladaptive schemas are essential factors that affect the migraine coping processes of adolescents.

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Section: Contributions and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between illness perception and pain coping strategies among adolescents diagnosed with migraine

et al. 2023

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“…In einer Studie zu geschlechterspezifischen psychosozialen Einflüssen von Kopfschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zeigten sich bei den Mädchen Schulstress und dysfunktionale Stress-Coping-Strategien als prädisponierende Faktoren für Kopfschmerz im Vergleich zu Jungen [ 46 , 57 ].…”

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Gender-specific results of the Dresden children and adolescents headache program DreKiP

Zaranek,

Sobe,

Richter

et al. 2023

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Mädchen und Frauen sind häufiger von Kopfschmerzen betroffen als Jungen und Männer. Der Einfluss des Geschlechts auf die Wirksamkeit von Kopfschmerztherapien ist bisher kaum untersucht. Wir prüften geschlechterspezifische Unterschiede im ambulanten multimodalen Dresdner Kinder- und Jugendkopfschmerzprogramm DreKiP. Methoden 140 Patienten mit primären Kopfschmerzen wurden in einem 15-stündigen strukturiertem Gruppenprogramm behandelt. Zu Beginn des Programms (T0) sowie 6 (T1) und 12 Monate (T2) nach dem Ende wurden Daten zu kopfschmerzbedingter Einschränkung der Alltagsfähigkeit (PedMIDAS), Kopfschmerzfrequenz, -intensität und schmerzbedingter Alltagseinschränkung (P-PDI) erhoben. Retrospektiv wurden diese Daten für Mädchen und Jungen getrennt analysiert. Ergebnisse Von 91 Patienten (9–19 Jahre, Median = 15; 71,4 % weiblich) lagen Daten für mindestens zwei Messzeitpunkte vor. Mädchen zeigten zu allen Zeitpunkten eine signifikant höhere Kopfschmerzfrequenz als Jungen (Mediane Kopfschmerztage/letzte 3 Monate zu T0: ♀ 43, ♂ 20; T1: ♀ 32, ♂ 12; T2: ♀ 28, ♂ 9) sowie eine numerisch höhere kopfschmerzbedingte Alltagseinschränkung. Es zeigten sich signifikante Effekte über die Zeit mit Abnahme der Kopfschmerzfrequenz (F (2,88) = 5,862; p = 0,004) und Verbesserung der Alltagsfunktion (F (2,92) = 5,340; p = 0,006). Eine geschlechtsspezifische Therapieantwort zeigte sich nicht. Diskussion Therapieinhalte des DreKiP zeigten bei Mädchen und Jungen mit primären Kopfschmerzen Effekte. Höhere Kopfschmerzfrequenzen und Alltagseinschränkung bei Mädchen können vor allem hormonelle, aber auch psychosoziale Ursachen haben und sollten in Edukationsmaßnahmen aufgegriffen werden.

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Early maladaptive schemas in episodic and chronic migraine in adolescents

et al. 2023

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IntroductionPsychotherapies, such as schema therapy, are receiving increasing attention in the management of pediatric headaches. The purpose of this study was to investigate early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in adolescents with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM).MethodsThis clinic-based, cross-sectional study consisted of 167 adolescents, aged 12–18, who were diagnosed with EM (n = 140) and CM (n = 27). The clinical characteristics of migraine, its accompanying symptoms, EMSs, the interrelationship of EMSs, depression, and anxiety were evaluated. We specifically analyzed psychopathology and abuse history as covariates in this study.ResultsDefectiveness/shame, mistrust/abuse, abandonment/instability, enmeshment/undeveloped self, self-sacrifice, and subjugation schemas were more prevalent in the CM group. In terms of schema domains, the CM group scored significantly higher in disconnection/rejection and other orientations. Psychopathology did not affect the EMS scores, but a history of sexual abuse did. In patients with EM, a relationship was found between the variables of anxiety, depression, and five of the EMS domains. On the other hand, the CM group showed a significant relationship with anxiety, hypervigilance/inhibition, disconnection/rejection, and other orientation domains.DiscussionThis study highlights the value of EMSs, anxiety, and depression in young people with EM and CM. Schema therapy and schema-based therapeutic interventions should be researched, especially in pediatric migraine, as they may potentially prevent the progression to treatment-resistant migraine.

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Early maladaptive schemas differing according to sex may contribute to migraine among the youth

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between illness perception and pain coping strategies among adolescents diagnosed with migraine

The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between illness perception and pain coping strategies among adolescents diagnosed with migraine

Gender-specific results of the Dresden children and adolescents headache program DreKiP

Early maladaptive schemas in episodic and chronic migraine in adolescents

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