Early life stress influences basal ganglia dopamine receptors and novel object recognition of adolescent and adult rats

Impact of Hypoxia-Ischemia on Neurogenesis and Structural and Functional Outcomes in a Mild–Moderate Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Brain Injury Model

“…It has to be noted that the results of the Novel Object Recognition Test may not be conclusive, as even the sham animals did not show a preference for exploring the novel object as opposed to the known object. It may be possible that the animals were not mature enough yet at 5 weeks, as in other studies, the rats were older when performing the NOR [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”

“…For Negative Geotaxis in particular, a few animals in the HI group showed very slow response times, reinforcing once more the high variability in injury and outcome even in a milder version of this model. At approximately 5 weeks, equivalent to early adolescence in rats [ 63 ], cognitive function was also similar for animals with and without brain damage; however, a clear impairment of motor function was seen. It has to be noted that the results of the Novel Object Recognition Test may not be conclusive, as even the sham animals did not show a preference for exploring the novel object as opposed to the known object.…”

Distinct neuronal excitability alterations of medial prefrontal cortex in early‐life neglect model of rats

“…Early‐life neglect has been a social trend during global urbanization, leading to negative effects in both urban and rural areas 1 . Exposure to early‐life neglect induces early‐life stress (ELS), which has extensive influences on the central nervous system, including behavior, emotion, and cognition, and could increase the risk of long‐lasting effects on brain development 2 and changes in personal characteristic, and may cause symptoms including cognitive impairment, 3 anxiety, depression, addiction, 4 and impulsivity 5 . These effects are the result of gene × environment interactions.…”

“…Different brain areas and neural circuits participate in behavioral or pathological manifestations. It has been reported that dopamine and receptors in caudate‐putamen of rodent striatum might contribute to object recognition behavior 3 . Orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) play important roles in impulsivity 7 .…”

“…It has been reported that dopamine and receptors in caudate-putamen of rodent striatum might contribute to object recognition behavior. 3 Orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) play important roles in impulsivity. 7 mPFC is an essential cortex area for complex cognition and emotion modulation, connected to diverse brain areas and forming afferent and efferent neural pathways.…”