Abstract:Early life stress (ELS) has been correlated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood; however, mechanisms linking ELS and CVD risk are unknown. Toll‐like receptor (TLR) activation, specifically TLR4, has been implicated as a key link between inflammation and CVD. TLR4 signaling can activated NADPH oxidases (NOXs) that produce superoxide to increase CVD risk. Further, multiple studies have found that NF‐kB activation, an important downstream step in the TLR4 signaling pathw… Show more
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