Early life microbial colonization of the gut and intestinal development differ between genetically divergent broiler lines

Schokker, Dirkjan; Veninga, Gosse; Vastenhouw, S.A.; Bossers, Alex; Bree, F.M. de; Kaal-Lansbergen, L.M.T.E.; Rebel, Johanna M.J.; Smits, M.A.

doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1646-6

Cited by 105 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Regarding the changes in microbiota during feed restriction, our data revealed that lactobacilli, a group recognized as autochthonous in the gastrointestinal tract (Lunedo et al, ), were decreased by both feed restriction programmes in the ileum of the broilers. Members of this group produce lactic acid which inhibits pathogens proliferation and adhesion (Schokker et al, ) and rigidifies the intercellular junctions, protecting the epithelium (Lutgendorff, Akkermans, & Soderholm, ). This group is important to maintain the stability of the intestinal microbial ecosystem, notwithstanding in great counts could increase intestinal inflammation and affects animal performance (Torok, Allison, Percy, Ophel‐Keller, & Hughes, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Members of this group produce lactic acid which inhibits pathogens proliferation and adhesion (Schokker et al, 2015) and rigidifies the intercellular junctions, protecting the epithelium (Lutgendorff, Akkermans, & Soderholm, 2008). This group is important to maintain the stability of the intestinal microbial ecosystem, notwithstanding in great counts could increase intestinal inflammation and affects animal performance (Torok, Allison, Percy, Ophel-Keller, & Hughes, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal microbiota of broilers submitted to feeding restriction and its relationship to hepatic metabolism and fat mass: Fast‐growing strain

Lunedo

Furlan

Fernandez-Alarcon

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The present study was conducted to verify how feed restriction affects gut microbiota and gene hepatic expression in broiler chickens and how these variables are related to body weight gain. For the experiment, 21‐d‐old Cobb500TM birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments: T1. Control (ad libitum—3.176 Mcal/kg ME—metabolizable energy—and 19% CP—crude protein); T2. Energetic restriction (2.224 Mcal/kg ME and 19% CP) from 22 to 42 days with consumption equivalent to control; T3. Quantitative restriction (70% restriction, i.e., restricted broilers ingested only 30% of the quantity consumed by the control group—3.176 Mcal/kg ME and 19% CP) for 7 days, followed by refeeding ad libitum from 28 to 42 days. Ileum and caecum microbiota collections were made at 21, 28 and 42 days of age. Hepatic tissue was collected at 28 and 42 days old for relative gene expression analyses. At 43‐d‐old, body composition was quantified by DXA (Dual‐energy X‐ray Absorptiometry). Both feed restriction programmes decreased Lactobacillus and increased Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae counts. No differences were found in the refeeding period. Energetic restriction induced the expression of CPT1‐A (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A) gene, and decreased body fat mass. Quantitative feed restriction increased lipogenic and decreased lipolytic gene expression. In the refeeding period, CPT1‐A gene expression was induced, without changing the broilers body composition. Positive associations were found between BWG (Body Weight Gain) and Lactobacillus and Clostridium cluster IV groups, and negatively associations with Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus bacterial groups. In conclusion, differences found in microbiota were similar between the two feed restriction programmes, however, hepatic gene expression differences were only found in quantitative restriction. Higher counts of Lactobacillus and Clostridium cluster IV groups in ileum are likely to be related to better broiler performance and low expression of lipogenic genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbiota of broilers submitted to feeding restriction and its relationship to hepatic metabolism and fat mass: Fast‐growing strain

Lunedo

Furlan

Fernandez-Alarcon

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…This decline was associated with increased abundance of Lactobacillus which replaced Enterobacteriaceae as the dominant taxa by 14 d.p.h (27). Schokker et al (28) described a faster transition to higher abundance of Lactobacillus. The day-old microbiome was dominated by Enterococcaceae with a high proportion of Escherichia sequences and Lactobacillus present but in very low numbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Ileal Microbiota in Three Broiler Breeds

et al. 2020

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The development and succession of the microbiota in ileal mucus and lumen samples from three breeds of broiler chicken (Cobb 500, n = 36; Hubbard JA87, n = 38; and Ross 308, n = 36) was observed between 3 and 42 days post hatch (d.p.h). Chicks were housed in the same room of a climate-controlled, biosecure chicken housing unit. Between 0 and 14 d.p.h, chicks were kept in three circular brooder pens ensuring a mixture of breeds in each brooder. From 22 d.p.h, chicks were removed from the brooders and kept in the same room. DNA was extracted from a pooled sample of ileal mucus and luminal contents taken from five birds of each breed at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 d.p.h. High-throughput Illumina sequencing was performed for the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The initial microbiota in the ileum varied between breeds. The common features were a low diversity and general dominance by one or two taxa such as Enterococcus or Escherichia with relatively low numbers of Lactobacillus. Escherichia became the most abundant genus in samples where Enterococcus was previously the dominant taxa. The next phase of development was marked by an increase in the abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus in the mucus and Lactobacillus in the lumen. The high abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus persisted between 7 and 14 d.p.h after which Lactobacillus became the most abundant genus in both the mucus and lumen. Dominance of the ileal microbiota by Lactobacillus was a transient feature. By 42 d.p.h, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus had fallen while a range of other taxa including Escherichia, Turicibacter, and members of Clostridiales increased. This general pattern was followed by all breeds, however, the rate at which succession occurred differed as Ross matured quicker than Cobb with Hubbard as an intermediate.

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“…Kaakoush et al (2014), who studied the microbiota of chickens from two farms, assigned them to four enterotypes dominated by varies phyla. Many factors influence the composition of the chicken microbiota; the most substantial factors are the chicken breeds, bird age, and farming practices (Kaakoush et al, 2014;Oakley, Buhr, et al, 2014;Schokker et al, 2015;Thibodeau et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro characteristics of Lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from the chicken digestive tract and their role in the inhibition of Campylobacter colonization

Kobierecka

Wyszyńska

Aleksandrzak‐Piekarczyk

et al. 2017

MicrobiologyOpen

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Campylobacter jejuni/coli infections are the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illnesses in humans. Many epidemiological studies indicate that improperly prepared meat from chickens that carry a high load of Campylobacter in their intestinal tracts is the key source of human infections. LAB, mainly members of the Lactococcus and Lactobacillus genera, increasingly have been tested as vehicles for the delivery of heterologous bacterial or viral antigens to animal mucosal immune systems. Thus, the objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and characterize Lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from chickens bred in Poland. Their ability to decrease the level of bird gut colonization by C. jejuni strain was also analyzed. First, the influence of the different chicken rearing systems was evaluated, especially the effect of diets on the Lactobacillus species that colonize the gut of chickens. Next, selected strains were analyzed in terms of their anti‐Campylobacter activity in vitro; potential probiotic traits such as adhesion properties, bile and low pH tolerance; and their ability to grow on a defined carbon source. Given that improperly prepared chicken meat is the main source of human infection by Campylobacter, the selected strains were also assessed for their ability to inhibit Campylobacter colonization in the bird's intestine. These experiments revealed enormous physiological diversity among the Lactobacillus genus strains. Altogether, our results showed that L. plantarum strains isolated from the digestive tracts of chickens bred in Poland displayed some probiotic attributes in vitro and were able to decrease the level of bird gut colonization by C. jejuni strain. This suggests that they can be employed as vectors to deliver Campylobacter immunodominant proteins to the bird's immune system to strengthen the efficacy of in ovo vaccination.

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Early life microbial colonization of the gut and intestinal development differ between genetically divergent broiler lines

Cited by 105 publications

References 78 publications

Intestinal microbiota of broilers submitted to feeding restriction and its relationship to hepatic metabolism and fat mass: Fast‐growing strain

Intestinal microbiota of broilers submitted to feeding restriction and its relationship to hepatic metabolism and fat mass: Fast‐growing strain

Development of the Ileal Microbiota in Three Broiler Breeds

In vitro characteristics of Lactobacillus spp. strains isolated from the chicken digestive tract and their role in the inhibition of Campylobacter colonization

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