Early-life exposure to a herbicide has enduring effects on pathogen-induced mortality

Rohr, Jason R.; Raffel, Thomas R.; Halstead, Neal T.; McMahon, Taegan A.; Johnson, Steve A.; Boughton, Raoul K.; Martin, Lynn B.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0629

Cited by 33 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Under this hypothesis, the frogs from the no-salt exposure, low-density treatment would have had stronger immune defenses and consequently higher survival than the frogs from the other 3 treatments. Consistent with this hypothesis is the reduced immune defenses in postmetamorphic salamanders exposed to contaminants as larvae [5]. Other studies, however, found no evidence for carryover effects after larval exposure to atrazine, carbaryl, or malathion in the terrestrial life stages of amphibians [15,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Legacy of road salt: Apparent positive larval effects counteracted by negative postmetamorphic effects in wood frogs

Dananay

Krynak

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Road salt runoff has potentially large effects on wetland communities, but is typically investigated in short-term laboratory trials. The authors investigated effects of road salt contamination on wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) by combining a field survey with 2 separate experiments. The field survey tested whether wood frog larval traits were associated with road salt contamination in natural wetlands. As conductivity increased, wood frog larvae were less abundant, but those found were larger. In the first experiment of the present study, the authors raised larvae in outdoor artificial ponds under 4 salt concentrations and measured larval vital rates, algal biomass, and zooplankton abundance. Salt significantly increased larval growth, algal biomass, and decreased zooplankton abundance. In the second experiment, the authors raised larvae to metamorphosis in the presence and absence of salt contamination and followed resulting juvenile frogs in terrestrial pens at high and low densities. Exposure to road salt as larvae caused juvenile frogs to have greater mortality in low-density terrestrial environments, possibly because of altered energy allocation, changes in behavior, or reduced immune defenses. The present study suggests that low concentrations of road salt can have positive effects on larval growth yet negative effects on juvenile survival. These results emphasize the importance of testing for effects of contaminants acting through food webs and across multiple life stages as well as the potential for population-level consequences in natural environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Legacy of road salt: Apparent positive larval effects counteracted by negative postmetamorphic effects in wood frogs

Dananay

Krynak

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…For example, many pesticides are immunomodulators that can increase infectious diseases of wildlife and humans 82,83 , or are endocrine disruptors of humans with potential downstream effects on immunity 84 . Even if pesticides do not directly affect immunity, detoxification of pesticides is energetically 'expensive' for the host, and thus pesticide exposure can reduce available energy resources for humans and zoonotic hosts to invest into parasite defences 85,86 .…”

Section: Drugs Use Agrochemicals and Infectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging human infectious diseases and the links to global food production

et al. 2019

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Infectious diseases are emerging globally at an unprecedented rate while global food demand is projected to increase sharply by 2100. Here, we synthesize the pathways by which projected agricultural expansion and intensification will influence human infectious diseases and how human infectious diseases might likewise affect food production and distribution. Feeding 11 billion people will require substantial increases in crop and animal production that will expand agricultural use of antibiotics, water, pesticides and fertilizer, and contact rates between humans and both wild and domestic animals, all with consequences for the emergence and spread of infectious agents. Indeed, our synthesis of the literature suggests that, since 1940, agricultural drivers were associated with >25% of all -and >50% of zoonotic -infectious diseases that emerged in humans, proportions that will likely increase as agriculture expands and intensifies. We identify agricultural and disease management and policy actions, and additional research, needed to address the public health challenge posed by feeding 11 billion people.

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“…Although, a causal link between pesticide exposure and disease outbreaks has not been identified in the laboratory or in the field (Paetow et al, 2012;Rohr et al, 2013), it is still an intriguing relationship worth continued investigations. Pesticides have the potential to increase susceptibility (Mann et al, 2009) while elevated nutrient concentrations have the potential to increase the incidence of disease in amphibian populations (Johnson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Potential Impacts To Amphibiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide concentrations in frog tissue and wetland habitats in a landscape dominated by agriculture

Smalling

Reeves

Muths

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

124

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Habitat loss and exposure to pesticides are likely primary factors contributing to amphibian decline in agricultural landscapes. Conservation efforts have attempted to restore wetlands lost through landscape modifications to reduce contaminant loads in surface waters and providing quality habitat to wildlife. The benefits of this increased wetland area, perhaps especially for amphibians, may be negated if habitat quality is insufficient to support persistent populations. We examined the presence of pesticides and nutrients in water and sediment as indicators of habitat quality and assessed the bioaccumulation of pesticides in the tissue of twonative amphibian species Pseudacris maculata (chorus frogs) and Lithobates pipiens (leopard frogs) at six wetlands (3 restored and 3 reference) in Iowa, USA. Restored wetlands are positioned on the landscape to receive subsurface tile drainage water while referencewetlands receive water fromoverland run-off and shallow groundwater sources. Concentrations of the pesticides frequently detected inwater and sediment samples were not different between wetland types. The median concentration of atrazine in surface water was 0.2 μg/ L. Reproductive abnormalities in leopard frogs have been observed in other studies at these concentrations. Nutrient concentrations were higher in the restored wetlands but lower than concentrations thought lethal to frogs. Complex mixtures of pesticides including up to 8 fungicides, some previously unreported in tissue, were detected with concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 1500 μg/kg wet weight. No significant differences in pesticide concentrations were observed between species, although concentrations tended to be higher in leopard frogs compared to chorus frogs, possibly because of differences in life histories. Our results provide information on habitat quality in restored wetlands that will assist state and federal agencies, landowners, and resource managers in identifying and implementing conservation and management actions for these and similar wetlands in agriculturally dominated landscapes. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. H I G H L I G H T S• Habitat quality was similar between restored and reference wetlands in Iowa.• Complex mixtures of pesticides are detected in frog tissues (liver and whole body).• The number of fungicides (up to 8) in frog tissues is largest reported to date.• Life history has the potential to impact pesticide bioaccumulation in frogs. Habitat loss and exposure to pesticides are likely primary factors contributing to amphibian decline in agricultural landscapes. Conservation efforts have attempted to restore wetlands lost through landscape modifications to reduce contaminant loads in surface waters and providing quality habitat to wildlife. The benefits of this increased wetland area, perhaps especially for amphibians, may be negated if habitat quality is insufficient t...

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Early-life exposure to a herbicide has enduring effects on pathogen-induced mortality

Abstract: Early-life exposure to a herbicide has enduring effects on pathogeninduced mortality.

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Legacy of road salt: Apparent positive larval effects counteracted by negative postmetamorphic effects in wood frogs

Legacy of road salt: Apparent positive larval effects counteracted by negative postmetamorphic effects in wood frogs

Emerging human infectious diseases and the links to global food production

Pesticide concentrations in frog tissue and wetland habitats in a landscape dominated by agriculture

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