Early life experiences and their impact on our understanding of depression

Feely, Malachy; Sines, David; Long, Ann

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01097.x

Cited by 7 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Two common aspects at this stage of the model were being more self‐focussed and also more compassionate towards self. Feely, Sines, and Long () emphasised the role that “people‐pleasing” can often play in depression and the risk of being “other‐focused” at the expense of necessary self‐care when depressed. Exits during CAT appear to place a premium on being more self‐focussed, and therefore, clients discussed a wide range of self‐care activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a change model of “exits” during cognitive analytic therapy for the treatment of depression

Sandhu

Kellett

Hardy

2017

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Objectives: 'Exits' in cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) are methods that change unhelpful patterns or roles during the final 'revision' phase of the therapy. How exits are conceived and achieved is currently poorly understood. This study therefore focused on the revision stage of CAT to explore and define how change is accomplished. Methods:Qualitative content analysis studied transcripts of sessions six and seven of a protocol delivered eight-session CAT for the treatment of depression. Eight participants met the study inclusion criteria and therefore sixteen sessions were available for analysis. Results:The exit model developed contained three distinct (but interacting) phases; (1) developing an observing self via therapist input or client self-reflection, (2) breaking out of old patterns by creating new roles and procedures and (3) utilisation of a range of methods to support and maintain change. Levels of inter-rater reliability for the exit categories making up the model were good.Conclusions: The revision stage of CAT emerged as a complex and dynamic process involving three interacting stages. Further research is indicated to understand how exits relate to durability of change and whether change processes differ according to presenting problem. Key Practitioner Messages: Exit work in CAT is a dynamic process that requires progression through stages of insight, active change and consolidation. Development of an 'observing self' is an important foundation stone for change and CAT therapists need to work within the client's zone of proximal development. A number of processes appear important in facilitating change such as attending to the process and feelings of change. Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is an integrative therapy that draws on personal construct (Kelly, 1955) and object relations theory (Ryle, 1985), and is based on the principle that mental representations of self, others and the world are developmentally formed by early interactions with significant others (Ryle & Kerr, 2002). CAT assimilates associated psychoanalytic and cognitive methods to offer a transdiagnostic, time-limited and relational approach to facilitating therapeutic change (Ryle & Kerr, 2002). The model therefore anticipates that the client will relate to the therapist as they did with significant others in their ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a change model of “exits” during cognitive analytic therapy for the treatment of depression

Sandhu

Kellett

Hardy

2017

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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“…As people are socially constructed, they engage in a range of connection‐forming behaviours that can be self‐affirming or disconfirming. Irksome experiences occur that people blame themselves for, which adds to their spirit drain (Feely et al. 2007b).…”

Section: Psychiatric Nursing Theory Of Connectivity: Emergent Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, when encountering new negative‐impact significant life events, memories are triggered of a disconnecting nature, with the double‐temporality effect of self‐drain being experienced (Feely et al. 2007b).…”

Section: Psychiatric Nursing Theory Of Connectivity: Emergent Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression: a psychiatric nursing theory of connectivity

Feely

Long

2009

Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs

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This paper presents a theory of connectivity, which was formulated from the findings of a Classical Grounded Theory study that was designed to capture a sample of people's perceptions of living with depression or caring for individuals with depression. Data were collected from: (1) a focus group consisting of people with depression (n = 7), of which five were patients in the community and two were nurses; (2) one-to-one interviews with patients in the community (n = 5) and nurses (n = 5), three of whom had experienced depression from both sides of the caring process; and (3) two 'happy accident' focus groups (n = 25; n = 18) comprising of healthcare workers with a shared understanding of depression. Purposeful sampling was used initially. Thereafter, in keeping with one of the key tenets of grounded theory, theoretical sampling was used until theoretical saturation occurred. Data were analysed using the constant comparative approach together with the NVivo qualitative analysis software package. The core category that emerged was 'connectivity' relating to the connections and disconnections, which people make in their lives. Six key categories emerged all of which were integrated with the core category. Hence, connectivity provided a significant platform for understanding and responding to the life experience of depression. They were: (1) life encounters on the journey to naming; (2) depression: What's in a name? The silent thief; (3) tentative steps to health care; (4) connective encounters and challenges; (5) connecting with self; and (6) self-connection maintenance. Subsequently, a theory, 'Depression: a psychiatric nursing theory of connectivity', surfaced from the overall findings. We argue that this theory of connectivity provides a framework that people working in the field of holistic treatment and care could use to better understand and respond to the life experience of people living with depression.

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“…Three theoretical papers (Feely et al, 2007a;Feely et al, 2007b, Feely & Long, 2009) discussed different aspects of depression. Feely et al (2007a, p.393) explored the participants' perceptions of their pre-diagnosis encounter with depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings suggested that those who work in the field of human services need to understand the lived experience of persons with depression in order to provide holistic treatment and care. Feely et al (2007b) aimed 1) to add to nursing knowledge by depicting the grounded realities of the experience of depression and 2) to stimulate discussion on the need to provide holistic care pathways that are responsive to the uniqueness of this lived experience and finally 3) to Surviving depressive ill-health encourage further research on key psycho-social factors associated with depression and the advancement of nursing care. According to Feely and Long (2009), depression is a personal, individually experienced and complex phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%