Early-life education may help bolster declarative memory in old age, especially for women

Reifegerste, Jana; Veríssimo, João; Rugg, Michael D.; Pullman, Mariel; Babcock, Laura; Glei, Dana A.; Weinstein, Maxine; Goldman, Noreen; Ullman, Michael T.

doi:10.1080/13825585.2020.1736497

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…Further, one of the hallmarks of healthy aging is declines of declarative (episodic) memory (De Chastelaine, Mattson, Wang, Donley & Rugg, 2015, 2016; Nyberg, Lövdén, Riklund, Lindenberger & Bäckman, 2012; Park et al, 2002; Prull, Gabrieli & Bunge, 2000). A growing literature has linked declarative memory to performance measures in language tasks, such as lexical prediction (i.e., the anticipation of upcoming words) and lexical recall (Covington & Duff, 2016; Davis & Gaskell, 2009; Duff & Brown-Schmidt, 2012, 2017; Hamrick, Lum & Ullman, 2018; Reifegerste et al, 2020a; Ryskin, Qi, Covington, Duff & Brown-Schmidt, 2018; Ullman, 2001a, 2004, 2016; Warren, Rubin, Shune & Duff, 2018). Thus, these aspects of language may be negatively impacted in aging as well.…”

Section: The Effects Of Aging On Measures Of Language Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of aging on bilingual language: What changes, what doesn't, and why

Reifegerste

2020

Bilingualism

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Substantial research has examined cognition in aging bilinguals. However, less work has investigated the effects of aging on language itself in bilingualism. In this article I comprehensively review prior research on this topic, and interpret the evidence in light of current theories of aging and theories of bilingualism. First, aging indeed appears to affect bilinguals’ language performance, though there is considerable variability in the trajectory across adulthood (declines, age-invariance, and improvements) and in the extent to which these trajectories resemble those found in monolinguals. I argue that these age effects are likely explained by the key opposing forces of increasing experience and cognitive declines in aging. Second, consistent with some theoretical work on bilingual language processing, the grammatical processing mechanisms do not seem to change between younger and older bilingual adults, even after decades of immersion. I conclude by discussing how future research can further advance the field.

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Section: The Effects Of Aging On Measures Of Language Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of aging on bilingual language: What changes, what doesn't, and why

Reifegerste

2020

Bilingualism

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“…This may mean that NWR performance relies on similar mechanisms as in the recognition memory task when tested shortly after learning. For example, familiarity of stored information may play a role in both tasks, in that familiarity with common sublexical phonological strings is linked to better performance in NWR ( Gupta and Tisdale, 2009 ), while familiarity with objects in the encoding phase of recognition memory tasks is linked to better memory for these objects minutes later during the recognition phase ( Reifegerste et al, 2021 ). Alternatively, the association observed here between NWR and declarative memory may point to the involvement of the hippocampus during working memory tasks ( Yonelinas, 2013 ), or the involvement of working memory and attentional resources common to both processing and memory formation tasks ( Chun and Turk-Browne, 2007 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recognition memory task was developed by the second author, and was adapted from a version previously used to assess declarative memory in both children and adults ( Lukács et al, 2017 ; Earle et al, 2020 ; Reifegerste et al, 2021 ). Specifically, the task is designed to recruit the neuroanatomical structures of the declarative memory system, while reducing attentional and working memory demands on task performance ( Hedenius et al, 2013 ; Lukács et al, 2017 ; Reifegerste et al, 2021 ). Importantly, we chose a recognition memory task in a visual modality in order to avoid the potential for associations between learning and phonological processing measures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declarative Memory Predicts Phonological Processing Abilities in Adulthood

Arthur¹,

Ullman²,

Earle³

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Individual differences in phonological processing abilities have often been attributed to perceptual factors, rather than to factors relating to learning and memory. Here, we consider the contribution of individual differences in declarative and procedural memory to phonological processing performance in adulthood. We examined the phonological processing, declarative memory, and procedural memory abilities of 79 native English-speaking young adults with typical language and reading abilities. Declarative memory was assessed with a recognition memory task of real and made-up objects. Procedural memory was assessed with a serial reaction time task. For both tasks, learning was assessed shortly after encoding, and again after a 12-h, overnight delay. We regressed phonological processing ability with memory performance on both days. We found that declarative memory, but not procedural memory, was highly predictive of phonological processing abilities. Specifically, declarative memory scores obtained shortly after learning were associated with non-word repetition performance, whereas declarative memory scores obtained after the overnight delay were associated with phonological awareness. Procedural memory was not associated with either of the phonological processing measures. We discuss these findings in the context of adult participants with mature phonological systems. We examine possible implications for the relationship between declarative memory and phonological processing in adulthood.

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“…Polynomial terms were also examined for total risk factors, but they did not improve model fit, ΔR 2 < 0.01. Continuous predictors (age and total risk) were mean-centered so that coefficient estimates could be meaningfully interpreted [34,35]. Regression analyses were weighted by the sample size per risk amount (either total number of risk factors or adjusted risk amount) per age, because although the sample size was large, there was an uneven distribution of sample size and risk factors by age (Figure 1; Supplemental Table 1).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examining the unstandardized regression estimates (as was previously done in [34]), provided translatable and applicable real-world implications. Across participants, the strength of the effect for total risk factors is about three times larger than that for age, indicating that each additional risk factor is associated with the equivalent drop in cognitive performance as three years of aging.…”

Section: The Dose-response Association Of Risk Factors and Cognition Differs With Agementioning

confidence: 99%

The adverse effect of modifiable dementia risk factors on cognition amplify across the adult lifespan

LaPlume¹,

McKetton²,

Levine³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Modifiable lifestyle behaviours can reduce dementia risk by 40%, but their prevalence and association with cognition throughout the adult lifespan is less well understood. Methods: Associations between eight modifiable risk factors for dementia (low education, hypertension, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, alcohol or substance abuse, diabetes, smoking, and depression) and cognition were examined in an online sample (N = 22,117, aged 18-89). Findings: Older adults (ages 66-89) had more risk factors than middle-aged (ages 45-65) and younger adults (ages 18-44). Polynomial regression revealed each additional risk factor was associated with a drop in cognitive performance (equivalent to three years of aging), with a larger association as age increased. People with no risk factors in their forties to seventies showed similar cognitive performance to people ten or twenty years younger with many risk factors. Interpretation: Modifiable dementia risk factors may be more important than age in predicting cognitive performance.

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Early-life education may help bolster declarative memory in old age, especially for women

Cited by 16 publications

References 194 publications

The effects of aging on bilingual language: What changes, what doesn't, and why

The effects of aging on bilingual language: What changes, what doesn't, and why

Declarative Memory Predicts Phonological Processing Abilities in Adulthood

The adverse effect of modifiable dementia risk factors on cognition amplify across the adult lifespan

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