Early life determinants of dietary patterns in preschool children: Rhea mother–child cohort, Crete, Greece

Leventakou, Vasiliki; Sarri, Katerina; Georgiou, Vaggelis; Chatzea, Vasiliki-Eirini; Frouzi, E; Kastelianou, A; Gatzou, A; Kogevinas, Manolis; Chatzi, Leda

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.93

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Other studies targeting preschoolers have also identified maternal education as a significant determinant of dietary patterns in children of this age group [20,35]. Lower education amongst mothers predicted higher adherence to the "Processed and Fast Food" dietary pattern amongst French preschoolers and to the "Snacky" pattern amongst Greek under five children [20,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, dietary pattern analysis was proposed as a holistic approach that investigates the joint effects of multiple dietary components on obesity risk [16,17]. Few studies have examined dietary patterns amongst preschoolers and their association with the risk of overweight or obesity [18][19][20][21][22]. A dietary pattern rich in French fries and sweetened beverages and low in dairy products and water was found to be associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity amongst 3-6-year-old French children [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A traditional dietary pattern is associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2017

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PurposeThe high burden of preschool overweight in the Middle East and North Africa highlights the need for rigorous investigations of its determinants. This study aims at identifying dietary patterns amongst preschoolers in Lebanon and assessing their association with overweight and obesity.MethodsA national cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 2–5-year-old children (n = 525). Socio-demographic, dietary, lifestyle and anthropometric variables were collected. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. Overweight/obesity was defined based on the World Health Organization 2006 criteria (BMI-for-age z-score > + 2).ResultsTwo patterns, “Fast Food and Sweets” and “Traditional Lebanese”, were identified. The “Fast Food and Sweets” pattern was characterized by higher consumption of sweetened beverages, fast foods, salty snacks and sweets. The “Traditional Lebanese” was driven by higher intakes of cereals, dairy products, fruits and vegetables. Children belonging to the 3rd tertile of the Traditional pattern scores had significantly lower odds of overweight/obesity compared to the 1st tertile (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.11, 0.97). Higher maternal education and higher frequency of eating with family predicted adherence to the traditional pattern, while the presence of a household helper was a negative determinant. Adherence to the Fast Food and Sweets pattern was positively associated with the child’s age, and negatively associated with female gender and maternal education.ConclusionsThe “Traditional Lebanese” pattern was associated with decreased risk of preschool overweight. Policies aiming at re-anchoring this traditional dietary pattern in contemporary lifestyles may be developed as potential preventive strategies against overweight in this age group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A traditional dietary pattern is associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2017

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“…Of these, principal component analysis (PCA) is a multidimensional reduction analysis method to examine the correlations of food intakes, and is commonly used in nutritional epidemiology [ 13 ]. Several studies using PCA reported several dietary patterns in children and adolescents as “healthy”, “traditional”, “Western”, and “junk or processed food intakes”, among others [ 5 , 14 , 15 ]. However, Hu suggested that much more research is necessary in diverse populations due to sociocultural differences [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Diet-Related Behaviors in Childhood Influence a Healthier Dietary Pattern? From the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort

Lee

Hwang

et al. 2016

Nutrients

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This study was performed to examine how childhood dietary patterns change over the short term and which changes in diet-related behaviors influence later changes in individual dietary patterns. Using food frequency questionnaire data obtained from children at 7 and 9 years of age from the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort, we examined dietary patterns by principal component analysis. We calculated the individual changes in dietary pattern scores. Changes in dietary habits such as eating a variety of food over two years were defined as “increased”, “stable”, or “decreased”. The dietary patterns, termed “healthy intake”, “animal food intake”, and “snack intake”, were similar at 7 and 9 years of age. These patterns explained 32.3% and 39.1% of total variation at the ages of 7 and 9 years, respectively. The tracking coefficient of snack intake had the highest coefficient (γ = 0.53) and that of animal food intake had the lowest (γ = 0.21). Intra-individual stability in dietary habits ranged from 0.23 to 0.47, based on the sex-adjusted weighted kappa values. Of the various behavioral factors, eating breakfast every day was most common in the “stable” group (83.1%), whereas consuming milk or dairy products every day was the least common (49.0%). Moreover, changes in behavior that improved the consumption of milk or dairy products or encouraged the consumption of vegetables with every meal had favorable effects on changes in healthy dietary pattern scores over two years. However, those with worsened habits, such as less food variety and more than two portions of fried or stir-fried food every week, had unfavorable effects on changes in healthy dietary pattern scores. Our results suggest that diet-related behaviors can change, even over a short period, and these changes can affect changes in dietary pattern.

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“…Three dietary patterns were determined with the use of PCA: the 'Mediterranean', 'Snacky' and 'Western' dietary patterns (20) . The online Supplementary Table S1 describes the foods included in each pattern and their factor loadings.…”

Section: Dietary Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns in early childhood and child cognitive and psychomotor development: the Rhea mother–child cohort study in Crete

et al. 2016

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Early-life nutrition is critical for optimal brain development; however, few studies have evaluated the impact of diet as a whole in early childhood on neurological development with inconsistent results. The present analysis is a cross-sectional study nested within an ongoing prospective birth cohort, the Rhea study, and aims to examine the association of dietary patterns with cognitive and psychomotor development in 804 preschool (mean age 4·2 years) children. Parents completed a validated FFQ, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Child cognitive and psychomotor development was assessed by the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associations of dietary patterns with the MSCA scales. After adjustment for a large number of confounding factors, the 'Snacky' pattern (potatoes and other starchy roots, salty snacks, sugar products and eggs) was negatively associated with the scales of verbal ability (β = − 1·31; 95 % CI −2·47, −0·16), general cognitive ability (β = − 1·13; 95 % CI −2·25, −0·02) and cognitive functions of the posterior cortex (β = − 1·20; 95 % CI −2·34, −0·07). Further adjustment for maternal intelligence, folic acid supplementation and alcohol use during pregnancy attenuated the observed associations, but effect estimates remained at the same direction. The 'Western' and the 'Mediterranean' patterns were not associated with child neurodevelopmental scales. The present findings suggest that poorer food choices at preschool age characterised by foods high in fat, salt and sugar are associated with reduced scores in verbal and cognitive ability.

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Early life determinants of dietary patterns in preschool children: Rhea mother–child cohort, Crete, Greece

Abstract: The results from this analysis indicate the important role of socio-demographic factors on children's dietary preferences in early age.

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

A traditional dietary pattern is associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study

A traditional dietary pattern is associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study

Which Diet-Related Behaviors in Childhood Influence a Healthier Dietary Pattern? From the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort

Dietary patterns in early childhood and child cognitive and psychomotor development: the Rhea mother–child cohort study in Crete

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